महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-283, verse-5

अपूर्विणा न कर्तव्यं कर्म लोके विगर्हितम् ।
कृतपूर्विणस्तु त्यजतो महान्धर्म इति श्रुतिः ॥५॥

5. apūrviṇā na kartavyaṁ karma loke vigarhitam ,
kṛtapūrviṇastu tyajato mahāndharma iti śrutiḥ.

5. apūrviṇā na kartavyam karma loke vigarhitam
kṛtapūrviṇaḥ tu tyajataḥ mahān dharmaḥ iti śrutiḥ

5. loke vigarhitam karma apūrviṇā na kartavyam tu
kṛtapūrviṇaḥ tyajataḥ mahān dharmaḥ iti śrutiḥ

5. An act (karma) that is despised by people in the world should not be performed by one who has not engaged in it previously. However, for one who has done it before and subsequently abandons it, this is considered a great intrinsic nature (dharma), so declares sacred tradition (śruti).

Words meanings summery:

• अपूर्विणा (apūrviṇā) - by one who has not engaged in it previously (by one who has not done it before, by a novice)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be performed (should be done, ought to be done, to be performed)

• कर्म (karma) - an act, work (action, deed, work, fate, ritual)

• लोके (loke) - by people (or in society) (in the world, among people, in society)

• विगर्हितम् (vigarhitam) - despised, abhorred (blamed, censured, despised, abhorred)

• कृतपूर्विणः (kṛtapūrviṇaḥ) - for one who has done it before (genitive of agent for the implied abandonment) (by one who has done it before, of one who has done it before)

• तु (tu) - but, however (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• त्यजतः (tyajataḥ) - for one who abandons it (of one abandoning, by one abandoning)

• महान् (mahān) - great (great, large, noble)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - intrinsic nature (dharma) (as a great virtue) (duty, righteousness, natural law, intrinsic nature, virtue)

• इति (iti) - so (declares), thus (it is said) (thus, so, in this manner)

• श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - sacred tradition (śruti) (hearing, sacred tradition, revelation (Vedas))

Words meanings and morphology

अपूर्विणा (apūrviṇā) - by one who has not engaged in it previously (by one who has not done it before, by a novice)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of apūrvin

apūrvin - one who has not done before, a novice, inexperienced

Compound of a- (negation) and pūrvin (one who has done before). From pūrva + -in suffix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pūrvin)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• pūrvin – one who has done previously, prior, former
  adjective (masculine)
  From pūrva (previous) + -in suffix (agentive).

Note: Agent for the passive `kartavyam`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates `kartavyam`.

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be performed (should be done, ought to be done, to be performed)

(gerundive)

Note: Agrees with `karma`.

कर्म (karma) - an act, work (action, deed, work, fate, ritual)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, consequence of actions (karma)

From root kṛ (to do) + -man suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of `kartavyam`.

लोके (loke) - by people (or in society) (in the world, among people, in society)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, society, realm

Note: Used to express 'in the world' or 'among people'.

विगर्हितम् (vigarhitam) - despised, abhorred (blamed, censured, despised, abhorred)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vigarhita

vigarhita - blamed, censured, despised, abhorred

Past Passive Participle

From vi- + root garh (to blame, censure) + -ta suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: garh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `karma`.

कृतपूर्विणः (kṛtapūrviṇaḥ) - for one who has done it before (genitive of agent for the implied abandonment) (by one who has done it before, of one who has done it before)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṛtapūrvin

kṛtapūrvin - one who has done it before, prior doer, experienced

Compound of kṛta (done) and pūrvin (one who has done previously). Kṛta is past passive participle of kṛ.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛta+pūrvin)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do) + -ta suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• pūrvin – one who has done previously, prior, former
  adjective (masculine)
  From pūrva (previous) + -in suffix (agentive).

Note: Qualifies `tyajataḥ`.

तु (tu) - but, however (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a particle to show contrast.

त्यजतः (tyajataḥ) - for one who abandons it (of one abandoning, by one abandoning)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tyajat

tyajat - abandoning, giving up

Present Active Participle

From root tyaj (to abandon) + present active participle suffix -at.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied person; genitive case usually indicates 'for the sake of' or 'belonging to'.

महान् (mahān) - great (great, large, noble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, noble, important

Note: Agrees with `dharmaḥ`.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - intrinsic nature (dharma) (as a great virtue) (duty, righteousness, natural law, intrinsic nature, virtue)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, law, constitution, intrinsic nature (dharma), virtue, religion

From root dhṛ (to uphold, support) + -ma suffix.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for an implied 'is'.

इति (iti) - so (declares), thus (it is said) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the preceding statement as a quotation or summary.

श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - sacred tradition (śruti) (hearing, sacred tradition, revelation (Vedas))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śruti

śruti - hearing, listening, sacred tradition, revelation (Vedas), ear

From root śru (to hear) + -ti suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'says'.