महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-283, verse-29

धर्मशीलो नरो विद्वानीहकोऽनीहकोऽपि वा ।
आत्मभूतः सदा लोके चरेद्भूतान्यहिंसयन् ॥२९॥

29. dharmaśīlo naro vidvānīhako'nīhako'pi vā ,
ātmabhūtaḥ sadā loke caredbhūtānyahiṁsayan.

29. dharmaśīlaḥ naraḥ vidvān īhakaḥ anīhakaḥ api vā
ātmabhūtaḥ sadā loke caret bhūtāni ahiṃsayan

29. dharmaśīlaḥ vidvān naraḥ,
īhakaḥ vā api anīhakaḥ,
ātmabhūtaḥ sadā loke bhūtāni ahiṃsayan caret.

29. A man of righteous character (dharmaśīla), who is learned, whether active or inactive, should always live in the world, established in the self (ātman), without harming any beings.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मशीलः (dharmaśīlaḥ) - of righteous character, virtuous

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - learned, wise

• ईहकः (īhakaḥ) - striving, active, endeavoring

• अनीहकः (anīhakaḥ) - not striving, inactive, unexerting

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• वा (vā) - or, either... or

• आत्मभूतः (ātmabhūtaḥ) - established in the self, self-realized, being the self

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• चरेत् (caret) - he should move, he should live, he should wander

• भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings, creatures

• अहिंसयन् (ahiṁsayan) - not harming, not injuring

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मशीलः (dharmaśīlaḥ) - of righteous character, virtuous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmaśīla

dharmaśīla - virtuous, righteous, following natural law (dharma), of moral character

Compound of `dharma` (righteousness) and `śīla` (character, disposition).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+śīla)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  From root `dhṛ` (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• śīla – character, habit, conduct, disposition, moral virtue
  noun (neuter)
  From root `śī` (to lie, rest).
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `naraḥ`.

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, hero

Related to `nṛ` (man).

Root: nṛ

विद्वान् (vidvān) - learned, wise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - learned, wise, knowing, skilled

Present Active Participle

From root `vid` (to know), `śatṛ` suffix.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `naraḥ`.

ईहकः (īhakaḥ) - striving, active, endeavoring

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īhaka

īhaka - striving, desiring, active, assiduous

Agent Noun/Adjective

From root `īh` (to strive, endeavor) + `ka` suffix.

Root: īh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `naraḥ`.

अनीहकः (anīhakaḥ) - not striving, inactive, unexerting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anīhaka

anīhaka - not striving, inactive, unexerting, indifferent

Agent Noun/Adjective (negated)

From `na` + `īhaka`.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+īhaka)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• īhaka – striving, active, endeavoring
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From root `īh` (to strive, endeavor) + `ka` suffix.
  Root: īh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `naraḥ`.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Used with `vā` to mean "either... or even...".

वा (vā) - or, either... or

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Used with `api` to show alternatives.

आत्मभूतः (ātmabhūtaḥ) - established in the self, self-realized, being the self

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmabhūta

ātmabhūta - self-existent, innate, identified with the self, established in the self (ātman)

Compound of `ātman` (self) and `bhūta` (become, being).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ātman+bhūta)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul, supreme soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• bhūta – become, existed, past, being
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `bhū` (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `naraḥ`.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

Note: Modifies `caret`.

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, community

From root `lok` (to see, perceive).

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Locative of place.

चरेत् (caret) - he should move, he should live, he should wander

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of car

Optative Active Voice

From root `car` (class 1).

Root: car (class 1)

भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings, creatures

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, ghost, past

Past Passive Participle

From root `bhū` (to be, become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of `ahiṃsayan`.

अहिंसयन् (ahiṁsayan) - not harming, not injuring

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ahiṃsat

ahiṁsat - not harming, non-injuring

Present Active Participle (negated)

From `na` + `hiṃsat` (from root `hiṃs` with `śatṛ` suffix).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hiṃsat)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• hiṃsat – harming, injuring, hurting
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root `hiṃs` (to injure, harm) + `śatṛ` suffix.
  Root: hiṃs (class 10)

Note: Qualifies `naraḥ` while acting adverbially.