महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-283, verse-1

पराशर उवाच ।
प्रतिग्रहागता विप्रे क्षत्रिये शस्त्रनिर्जिताः ।
वैश्ये न्यायार्जिताश्चैव शूद्रे शुश्रूषयार्जिताः ।
स्वल्पाप्यर्थाः प्रशस्यन्ते धर्मस्यार्थे महाफलाः ॥१॥

1. parāśara uvāca ,
pratigrahāgatā vipre kṣatriye śastranirjitāḥ ,
vaiśye nyāyārjitāścaiva śūdre śuśrūṣayārjitāḥ ,
svalpāpyarthāḥ praśasyante dharmasyārthe mahāphalāḥ.

1. parāśara uvāca pratigrahāgatāḥ vipre kṣatriye
śastranirjitāḥ vaiśye nyāyārjitāḥ ca
eva śūdre śuśrūṣayārjitāḥ svalpāḥ api
arthāḥ praśasyante dharmasya arthe mahāphalāḥ

1. parāśara uvāca: vipre pratigrahāgatāḥ,
kṣatriye śastranirjitāḥ,
vaiśye nyāyārjitāḥ ca eva,
śūdre śuśrūṣayārjitāḥ (ca) arthāḥ svalpāḥ api dharmasya arthe mahāphalāḥ praśasyante.

1. Parashara said: For a Brahmin, wealth obtained through accepting gifts; for a Kshatriya (warrior), wealth acquired by conquest through weapons; for a Vaishya (merchant), wealth justly earned; and for a Shudra (laborer), wealth gained through devoted service—even small amounts of such wealth, when acquired for the sake of one's constitutional (dharma) duty, are praised as yielding great results.

Words meanings summery:

• पराशर (parāśara) - Parashara (a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• प्रतिग्रहागताः (pratigrahāgatāḥ) - obtained by acceptance of gifts, received as gifts

• विप्रे (vipre) - for a Brahmin, in a Brahmin

• क्षत्रिये (kṣatriye) - for a Kshatriya, in a Kshatriya

• शस्त्रनिर्जिताः (śastranirjitāḥ) - conquered by weapons, won through arms

• वैश्ये (vaiśye) - for a Vaishya, in a Vaishya

• न्यायार्जिताः (nyāyārjitāḥ) - acquired by just means, justly earned

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• शूद्रे (śūdre) - for a Shudra, in a Shudra

• शुश्रूषयार्जिताः (śuśrūṣayārjitāḥ) - acquired by service, earned through attendance

• स्वल्पाः (svalpāḥ) - small, little

• अपि (api) - even, also

• अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - gains, wealth (aims, purposes, wealth, objects, gains)

• प्रशस्यन्ते (praśasyante) - are praised, are commended

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of one's constitutional (dharma) duty (of dharma, of natural law, of duty)

• अर्थे (arthe) - for the sake of, for the purpose of, for the benefit of

• महाफलाः (mahāphalāḥ) - yielding great results, having great fruit

Words meanings and morphology

पराशर (parāśara) - Parashara (a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāśara

parāśara - Parashara (name of a celebrated sage, father of Vyasa)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect

root vac, perfect 3rd singular active, irregular form

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रतिग्रहागताः (pratigrahāgatāḥ) - obtained by acceptance of gifts, received as gifts

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pratigrahāgata

pratigrahāgata - obtained by acceptance of gifts

past passive participle compound

compound of pratigraha (acceptance of gifts) and āgata (obtained, come)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pratigraha+āgata)

• pratigraha – acceptance of a gift, receiving
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  from prati-grah
  Prefix: prati
  Root: grah (class 9)
• āgata – come, arrived, obtained
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from ā-gam
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to implied 'arthāḥ'.

विप्रे (vipre) - for a Brahmin, in a Brahmin

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, priest, inspired, wise

Note: Indicates "for the Brahmin" or "in the case of a Brahmin".

क्षत्रिये (kṣatriye) - for a Kshatriya, in a Kshatriya

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - Kshatriya (member of the warrior and ruling class), warrior, noble

from kṣatra (power, rule)

Note: Indicates "for the Kshatriya" or "in the case of a Kshatriya".

शस्त्रनिर्जिताः (śastranirjitāḥ) - conquered by weapons, won through arms

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śastranirjita

śastranirjita - conquered by weapons, vanquished by arms

past passive participle compound

compound of śastra (weapon) and nirjita (conquered)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śastra+nirjita)

• śastra – weapon, sword, instrument
  noun (neuter)
• nirjita – conquered, vanquished, overcome
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from nir-ji
  Prefix: nis
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Refers to implied 'arthāḥ'.

वैश्ये (vaiśye) - for a Vaishya, in a Vaishya

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - Vaishya (member of the merchant, farmer, artisan class)

from viś (settlement, community)

Note: Indicates "for the Vaishya" or "in the case of a Vaishya".

न्यायार्जिताः (nyāyārjitāḥ) - acquired by just means, justly earned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nyāyārjita

nyāyārjita - acquired by just means, justly earned

past passive participle compound

compound of nyāya (justice) and arjita (acquired)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nyāya+arjita)

• nyāya – justice, rule, method, system
  noun (masculine)
• arjita – acquired, earned, gained
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root ṛj (to gain)
  Root: ṛj (class 1)

Note: Refers to implied 'arthāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Post-positional conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

शूद्रे (śūdre) - for a Shudra, in a Shudra

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - Shudra (member of the laborer, servant class)

Note: Indicates "for the Shudra" or "in the case of a Shudra".

शुश्रूषयार्जिताः (śuśrūṣayārjitāḥ) - acquired by service, earned through attendance

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śuśrūṣayārjita

śuśrūṣayārjita - acquired by service, earned through attendance/obedience

past passive participle compound

compound of śuśrūṣayā (by service) and arjita (acquired)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śuśrūṣayā+arjita)

• śuśrūṣā – desire to hear, service, obedience, devotion
  noun (feminine)
  desiderative noun
  desiderative of śru (to hear) + ā suffix
  Root: śru (class 5)
• arjita – acquired, earned, gained
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root ṛj (to gain)
  Root: ṛj (class 1)

Note: Refers to implied 'arthāḥ'.

स्वल्पाः (svalpāḥ) - small, little

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svalpa

svalpa - small, little, few, insignificant

compound of su (good, easily) and alpa (little)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+alpa)

• su – good, well, easily, very
  indeclinable
  prefix
• alpa – small, little, few
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with arthāḥ.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes "even small" amounts.

अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - gains, wealth (aims, purposes, wealth, objects, gains)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - aim, purpose, meaning, wealth, object, thing

Note: Subject of praśasyante.

प्रशस्यन्ते (praśasyante) - are praised, are commended

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of praśaṃs

present passive

root śaṃs (to praise) + pra (prefix), passive form (yak), 3rd plural

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of one's constitutional (dharma) duty (of dharma, of natural law, of duty)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue (dharma)

from root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Governed by arthe.

अर्थे (arthe) - for the sake of, for the purpose of, for the benefit of

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - aim, purpose, meaning, wealth, object, sake, benefit

महाफलाः (mahāphalāḥ) - yielding great results, having great fruit

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāphala

mahāphala - yielding great results, great-fruited, having much fruit

compound of mahā (great) and phala (fruit, result)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+phala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• phala – fruit, result, reward, consequence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicative adjective for arthāḥ.