महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-283, verse-9

तं धर्ममसुरास्तात नामृष्यन्त जनाधिप ।
विवर्धमानाः क्रमशस्तत्र तेऽन्वाविशन्प्रजाः ॥९॥

9. taṁ dharmamasurāstāta nāmṛṣyanta janādhipa ,
vivardhamānāḥ kramaśastatra te'nvāviśanprajāḥ.

9. tam dharmam asurāḥ tāta na amṛṣyanta janādhipa
vivardhamānāḥ kramaśas tatra te anu āviśan prajāḥ

9. tāta janādhipa asurāḥ tam dharmam na amṛṣyanta
kramaśas vivardhamānāḥ te tatra prajāḥ anu āviśan

9. O father, O lord of men (janādhipa), the asuras did not tolerate that natural law (dharma). As they gradually increased, they then entered among the people.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (referring to dharma) (that)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - that natural law (dharma) (natural law, duty, righteousness)

• असुराः (asurāḥ) - the asuras (demons, anti-gods)

• तात (tāta) - O father (O father, O dear one)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अमृष्यन्त (amṛṣyanta) - they did not tolerate (they did not tolerate, they could not bear)

• जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of men (O lord of men, O ruler of people)

• विवर्धमानाः (vivardhamānāḥ) - as they increased, growing (increasing, growing)

• क्रमशस् (kramaśas) - gradually (gradually, successively, in due order)

• तत्र (tatra) - then (there, then)

• ते (te) - they (the asuras) (they)

• अनु (anu) - after, along, near, like, by

• आविशन् (āviśan) - they entered (they entered, they penetrated)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - among the people (people, subjects, offspring)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (referring to dharma) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Qualifies 'dharmam'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - that natural law (dharma) (natural law, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, intrinsic nature (dharma)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'amṛṣyanta'.

असुराः (asurāḥ) - the asuras (demons, anti-gods)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of asura

asura - demon, anti-god, powerful being

Note: Subject of 'amṛṣyanta'.

तात (tāta) - O father (O father, O dear one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear, darling (term of endearment, often used in address)

Note: Direct address.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

अमृष्यन्त (amṛṣyanta) - they did not tolerate (they did not tolerate, they could not bear)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of mṛṣ

Root √mṛṣ, imperfect tense, 3rd person plural.

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of men (O lord of men, O ruler of people)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of men, king, ruler of people

Tatpuruṣa compound: jana (men, people) + adhipa (lord, ruler).

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+adhipa)

• jana – person, people, man, creature
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, master, ruler, chief
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi-√pā (to protect, govern).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Direct address.

विवर्धमानाः (vivardhamānāḥ) - as they increased, growing (increasing, growing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vivardhamāna

vivardhamāna - increasing, growing, thriving, prospering

Present Active Participle (ātmanepada)

Derived from vi-√vṛdh (to grow, increase) with śānac suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'asurāḥ' and describes their state while performing the action.

क्रमशस् (kramaśas) - gradually (gradually, successively, in due order)

(indeclinable)

From krama (order, sequence) + śas (suffix forming adverbs of manner).

Note: Adverb modifying 'vivardhamānāḥ'.

तत्र (tatra) - then (there, then)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place/time.

ते (te) - they (the asuras) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers back to 'asurāḥ'.

अनु (anu) - after, along, near, like, by

(indeclinable)

आविशन् (āviśan) - they entered (they entered, they penetrated)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of āviś

Root √viś preceded by prefix ā. Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural.

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - among the people (people, subjects, offspring)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, people, subjects, creation

Note: Object of 'anu āviśan' (they entered *into* the people).