महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-236, verse-4

व्यास उवाच ।
गृहस्थस्तु यदा पश्येद्वलीपलितमात्मनः ।
अपत्यस्यैव चापत्यं वनमेव तदाश्रयेत् ॥४॥

4. vyāsa uvāca ,
gṛhasthastu yadā paśyedvalīpalitamātmanaḥ ,
apatyasyaiva cāpatyaṁ vanameva tadāśrayet.

4. vyāsa uvāca gṛhasthaḥ tu yadā paśyet valīpalitam
ātmanaḥ apatyasya eva ca apatyam vanam eva tadā āśrayet

4. vyāsa uvāca yadā gṛhasthaḥ tu ātmanaḥ valīpalitam ca apatyasya eva apatyam paśyet,
tadā vanam eva āśrayet

4. Vyāsa said: When a householder sees wrinkles and gray hair on himself (ātman), and even the child of his child (i.e., his grandchild), then he should indeed resort to the forest.

Words meanings summery:

• व्यास (vyāsa) - Vyāsa (name of a sage, compiler of Mahābhārata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• गृहस्थः (gṛhasthaḥ) - householder (nominative singular)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand, however

• यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

• पश्येत् (paśyet) - should see, may he see

• वलीपलितम् (valīpalitam) - wrinkles and gray hair (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of himself, his own (genitive singular of ātman)

• अपत्यस्य (apatyasya) - of the child, of the offspring (genitive singular)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, even, only

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपत्यम् (apatyam) - grandchild (child of a child) (offspring, child (accusative singular))

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood, grove (accusative singular)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, even, only

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• आश्रयेत् (āśrayet) - should resort to, should take refuge in

Words meanings and morphology

व्यास (vyāsa) - Vyāsa (name of a sage, compiler of Mahābhārata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (lit)

3rd person singular perfect active of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

गृहस्थः (gṛhasthaḥ) - householder (nominative singular)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛhastha

gṛhastha - householder, one residing in a house

Compound of gṛha (house) and stha (standing, abiding)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛha+stha)

• gṛha – house, home, dwelling
  noun (neuter)
  Root: gṛh
• stha – standing, staying, abiding, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb

पश्येत् (paśyet) - should see, may he see

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dṛś

Optative mode

3rd person singular optative active of root dṛś (class 1, present stem paśya)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वलीपलितम् (valīpalitam) - wrinkles and gray hair (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of valīpalita

valīpalita - wrinkles and gray hair

Dvandva compound

Compound type : itaretara-dvandva (valī+palita)

• valī – wrinkle, fold
  noun (feminine)
  Root: val
• palita – gray-haired, grayness of hair, old age
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root pal (to be gray)
  Root: pal (class 1)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of himself, his own (genitive singular of ātman)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, essence, nature (ātman), spirit, vital breath

Root: an (class 2)

अपत्यस्य (apatyasya) - of the child, of the offspring (genitive singular)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of apatya

apatya - offspring, child, progeny

From pat (to fall) with prefix a- and suffix ya. Literally 'that which does not fall' (away from the family line).

Prefix: a

Root: pat (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, even, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अपत्यम् (apatyam) - grandchild (child of a child) (offspring, child (accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apatya

apatya - offspring, child, progeny

From pat (to fall) with prefix a- and suffix ya.

Prefix: a

Root: pat (class 1)

वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood, grove (accusative singular)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Root: van (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, even, only

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb

आश्रयेत् (āśrayet) - should resort to, should take refuge in

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of āśri

Optative mode

3rd person singular optative active of root śri with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)