महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-236, verse-22

जरया च परिद्यूनो व्याधिना च प्रपीडितः ।
चतुर्थे चायुषः शेषे वानप्रस्थाश्रमं त्यजेत् ।
सद्यस्कारां निरूप्येष्टिं सर्ववेदसदक्षिणाम् ॥२२॥

22. jarayā ca paridyūno vyādhinā ca prapīḍitaḥ ,
caturthe cāyuṣaḥ śeṣe vānaprasthāśramaṁ tyajet ,
sadyaskārāṁ nirūpyeṣṭiṁ sarvavedasadakṣiṇām.

22. jarayā ca paridyūnaḥ vyādhinā ca
prapīḍitaḥ caturthe ca āyuṣaḥ śeṣe
vānaprastha āśramam tyajet sadyaskārām
nirūpya iṣṭim sarvavedasadakṣiṇām

22. (yaḥ puruṣaḥ) jarayā ca vyādhinā ca paridyūnaḥ prapīḍitaḥ (bhavati),
(saḥ) āyuṣaḥ caturthe śeṣe vānaprastha āśramam tyajet (saḥ) sadyaskārām sarvavedasadakṣiṇām iṣṭim nirūpya (ca tyajet)

22. When one is worn out by old age and afflicted by disease, and in the fourth remaining stage of life, one should abandon the forest dweller's stage (vāṇaprastha āśrama). This should be done after performing a sadyaskārā iṣṭi (a sacrificial rite yielding immediate results) which includes offerings (dakṣiṇā) to all priests (vedasa).

Words meanings summery:

• जरया (jarayā) - by old age (by old age, by decay)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• परिद्यूनः (paridyūnaḥ) - worn out, debilitated (worn out, exhausted, emaciated)

• व्याधिना (vyādhinā) - by disease (by disease, by sickness)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• प्रपीडितः (prapīḍitaḥ) - afflicted (tormented, afflicted, oppressed)

• चतुर्थे (caturthe) - in the fourth

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• आयुषः (āyuṣaḥ) - of life (of life, of duration)

• शेषे (śeṣe) - in the remaining part (of life) (in the remainder, in the end, in the last part)

• वानप्रस्थ (vānaprastha) - forest-dweller

• आश्रमम् (āśramam) - stage of life (āśrama) (stage of life, hermitage, abode)

• त्यजेत् (tyajet) - one should abandon (one should abandon, one should renounce)

• सद्यस्काराम् (sadyaskārām) - yielding immediate results (yielding immediate results, instantly effective)

• निरूप्य (nirūpya) - having performed (having performed, having ascertained, having arranged)

• इष्टिम् (iṣṭim) - sacrificial rite (iṣṭi) (sacrifice, offering, wish)

• सर्ववेदसदक्षिणाम् (sarvavedasadakṣiṇām) - with gifts (dakṣiṇā) for all priests (vedasa) (having gifts for all priests)

Words meanings and morphology

जरया (jarayā) - by old age (by old age, by decay)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jarā

jarā - old age, decay, decrepitude

From √jṝ (to decay, wear out)

Root: jṝ (class 9)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

परिद्यूनः (paridyūnaḥ) - worn out, debilitated (worn out, exhausted, emaciated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paridyūna

paridyūna - worn out, exhausted, emaciated, debilitated

Past Passive Participle

From pari- + √dyū (to be exhausted, consumed)

Prefix: pari

Root: dyū (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective, referring to the implicit subject.

व्याधिना (vyādhinā) - by disease (by disease, by sickness)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vyādhi

vyādhi - disease, sickness, ailment

From vi-ā-√dhā (to place apart, separate, disturb)

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

प्रपीडितः (prapīḍitaḥ) - afflicted (tormented, afflicted, oppressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prapīḍita

prapīḍita - tormented, afflicted, oppressed, distressed

Past Passive Participle

From pra-√pīḍ (to oppress, torment)

Prefix: pra

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Functions as an adjective, referring to the implicit subject.

चतुर्थे (caturthe) - in the fourth

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of caturtha

caturtha - fourth

Ordinal number from catur (four)

Note: Qualifies 'śeṣe'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

आयुषः (āyuṣaḥ) - of life (of life, of duration)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, duration of life, vital power

शेषे (śeṣe) - in the remaining part (of life) (in the remainder, in the end, in the last part)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śeṣa

śeṣa - remainder, rest, end, last part

From √śiṣ (to leave, remain)

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Refers to the fourth part of life.

वानप्रस्थ (vānaprastha) - forest-dweller

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vānaprastha

vānaprastha - forest-dweller, hermit, one who has entered the third stage of life

From vana (forest) + pra-√sthā (to stand, go forth). One who has gone forth to the forest.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+prastha)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• prastha – going forth, departure; an inhabitant
  noun (masculine)
  From pra-√sthā
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: This is the first part of the compound 'vānaprastha āśramam' and takes the case of the compound.

आश्रमम् (āśramam) - stage of life (āśrama) (stage of life, hermitage, abode)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - stage of life, hermitage, abode, religious retreat, effort

From ā-√śram (to exert oneself, toil)

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Here it forms a compound 'vānaprasthāśramam' (forest-dweller's stage).

त्यजेत् (tyajet) - one should abandon (one should abandon, one should renounce)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of tyaj

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: An injunction.

सद्यस्काराम् (sadyaskārām) - yielding immediate results (yielding immediate results, instantly effective)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sadyaskāra

sadyaskāra - yielding immediate results, instantly effective, performed instantly

From sadyaḥ (immediately) + kāra (making, doing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sadyaḥ+kāra)

• sadyaḥ – immediately, instantly, at once
  indeclinable
• kāra – making, doing, performing; creator
  noun (masculine)
  From √kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'iṣṭim'.

निरूप्य (nirūpya) - having performed (having performed, having ascertained, having arranged)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From nir-√rūp (to fix, determine, perform)

Prefix: nir

Root: rūp (class 10)

Note: Expresses action completed before the main verb 'tyajet'.

इष्टिम् (iṣṭim) - sacrificial rite (iṣṭi) (sacrifice, offering, wish)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of iṣṭi

iṣṭi - sacrifice, offering, wish, desire

From √yaj (to sacrifice)

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'nirūpya'.

सर्ववेदसदक्षिणाम् (sarvavedasadakṣiṇām) - with gifts (dakṣiṇā) for all priests (vedasa) (having gifts for all priests)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarvavedasadakṣiṇā

sarvavedasadakṣiṇā - having gifts for all priests (vedasa)

Bahuvrihi compound: sarva (all) + vedasa (priest) + dakṣiṇā (gift)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sarva+vedasa+dakṣiṇā)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• vedasa – priest, learned man
  noun (masculine)
• dakṣiṇā – gift, donation, fee (especially to a priest)
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'iṣṭim'.