महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-236, verse-21

कर्मभिस्ते निरानन्दा धर्मनित्या जितेन्द्रियाः ।
गताः प्रत्यक्षधर्माणस्ते सर्वे वनमाश्रिताः ।
अनक्षत्रा अनाधृष्या दृश्यन्ते ज्योतिषां गणाः ॥२१॥

21. karmabhiste nirānandā dharmanityā jitendriyāḥ ,
gatāḥ pratyakṣadharmāṇaste sarve vanamāśritāḥ ,
anakṣatrā anādhṛṣyā dṛśyante jyotiṣāṁ gaṇāḥ.

21. karmabhiḥ te nirānandāḥ dharmanityāḥ
jitendriyāḥ gatāḥ pratyakṣadharmāṇaḥ
te sarve vanam āśritāḥ anakṣatrāḥ
anādhṛṣyāḥ dṛśyante jyotiṣām gaṇāḥ

21. karmabhiḥ te nirānandāḥ dharmanityāḥ
jitendriyāḥ te sarve pratyakṣadharmāṇaḥ
vanam āśritāḥ gatāḥ anakṣatrāḥ
anādhṛṣyāḥ jyotiṣām gaṇāḥ dṛśyante

21. Through their actions (karma), they were devoid of joy, always dedicated to their intrinsic nature (dharma), and self-controlled (jitendriyāḥ). All those, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was directly manifest and who had resorted to the forest, having departed (gatāḥ), are now seen (dṛśyante) as groups (gaṇāḥ) of celestial lights (jyotiṣām), without stars (anakṣatrāḥ), and inviolable (anādhṛṣyāḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - By their spiritual or ascetic actions (karma) (by actions, through deeds)

• ते (te) - Refers to the ascetics mentioned in previous verses (they)

• निरानन्दाः (nirānandāḥ) - Describes their detached or austere state, not necessarily sad but beyond worldly pleasures. (joyless, devoid of joy)

• धर्मनित्याः (dharmanityāḥ) - always dedicated to their intrinsic nature (dharma), constant in dharma

• जितेन्द्रियाः (jitendriyāḥ) - Describes ascetics who have mastery over their sensory perceptions (self-controlled, having conquered the senses)

• गताः (gatāḥ) - Having departed from their physical existence or achieved a higher state (gone, departed, attained)

• प्रत्यक्षधर्माणः (pratyakṣadharmāṇaḥ) - Refers to ascetics whose spiritual nature is evident (whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is manifest; having manifest dharma)

• ते (te) - Refers to the ascetics mentioned in previous verses (they)

• सर्वे (sarve) - All the aforementioned ascetics (all, all of them)

• वनम् (vanam) - The natural environment where ascetics reside (forest, wood)

• आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - Refers to those who have taken residence in the forest for their practices (resorted to, taken refuge in, dwelling in)

• अनक्षत्राः (anakṣatrāḥ) - Their groups of lights are distinct from normal constellations, implying a divine origin. (without stars/constellations)

• अनाधृष्याः (anādhṛṣyāḥ) - Beyond harm or defilement, referring to their divine and purified state (inviolable, unassailable, invincible)

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - They manifest as groups of lights (they are seen, appear, are visible)

• ज्योतिषाम् (jyotiṣām) - Referring to luminous celestial entities (of lights, of celestial bodies)

• गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - Groups of these celestial lights (groups, multitudes, hosts)

Words meanings and morphology

कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - By their spiritual or ascetic actions (karma) (by actions, through deeds)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate

From root √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

ते (te) - Refers to the ascetics mentioned in previous verses (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

निरानन्दाः (nirānandāḥ) - Describes their detached or austere state, not necessarily sad but beyond worldly pleasures. (joyless, devoid of joy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirānanda

nirānanda - devoid of joy or happiness, miserable, detached from pleasure

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+ānanda)

• nis – out, forth, away, without
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating negation or absence
• ānanda – joy, happiness, bliss, delight
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: nand (class 1)

धर्मनित्याः (dharmanityāḥ) - always dedicated to their intrinsic nature (dharma), constant in dharma

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmanitya

dharmanitya - constantly engaged in or adhering to natural law (dharma); ever-righteous

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+nitya)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• nitya – constant, eternal, perpetual, always existing
  adjective (masculine)

जितेन्द्रियाः (jitendriyāḥ) - Describes ascetics who have mastery over their sensory perceptions (self-controlled, having conquered the senses)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jitendriya

jitendriya - one who has subdued or controlled their senses

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jita+indriya)

• jita – conquered, subdued, won
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root √ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty of sense; power, vitality
  noun (neuter)

गताः (gatāḥ) - Having departed from their physical existence or achieved a higher state (gone, departed, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, attained, passed away

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

प्रत्यक्षधर्माणः (pratyakṣadharmāṇaḥ) - Refers to ascetics whose spiritual nature is evident (whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is manifest; having manifest dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pratyakṣadharman

pratyakṣadharman - one whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is manifest or perceptible; one whose duties are clear

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pratyakṣa+dharman)

• pratyakṣa – perceptible, direct, visible, before the eyes
  adjective (neuter)
• dharman – natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

ते (te) - Refers to the ascetics mentioned in previous verses (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सर्वे (sarve) - All the aforementioned ascetics (all, all of them)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

वनम् (vanam) - The natural environment where ascetics reside (forest, wood)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket; a multitude

आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - Refers to those who have taken residence in the forest for their practices (resorted to, taken refuge in, dwelling in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, dependent on, dwelling in, connected with

Past Passive Participle

Formed from ā-√śri (to resort to, lean upon)

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

अनक्षत्राः (anakṣatrāḥ) - Their groups of lights are distinct from normal constellations, implying a divine origin. (without stars/constellations)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anakṣatra

anakṣatra - without stars or constellations; having no stars

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (an+nakṣatra)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• nakṣatra – star, constellation, lunar mansion
  noun (neuter)

अनाधृष्याः (anādhṛṣyāḥ) - Beyond harm or defilement, referring to their divine and purified state (inviolable, unassailable, invincible)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anādhṛṣya

anādhṛṣya - not to be assailed or overcome, unassailable, inviolable, unapproachable

Gerundive

Compound of 'an' (negation) and 'ādhṛṣya' (gerundive of ā-√dhṛṣ)

Prefixes: an+ā

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - They manifest as groups of lights (they are seen, appear, are visible)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (lat) of dṛś

Present Passive

3rd person plural Present Passive of root √dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ज्योतिषाम् (jyotiṣām) - Referring to luminous celestial entities (of lights, of celestial bodies)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of jyotis

jyotis - light, radiance, flame; a celestial body, star; an eye

गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - Groups of these celestial lights (groups, multitudes, hosts)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gaṇa

gaṇa - a troop, crowd, multitude, flock, group