महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-228, verse-31

चतुर्लक्षणजं त्वन्यं चतुर्वर्गं प्रचक्षते ।
व्यक्तमव्यक्तजं चैव तथा बुद्धमथेतरत् ।
सत्त्वं क्षेत्रज्ञ इत्येतद्द्वयमप्यनुदर्शितम् ॥३१॥

31. caturlakṣaṇajaṁ tvanyaṁ caturvargaṁ pracakṣate ,
vyaktamavyaktajaṁ caiva tathā buddhamathetarat ,
sattvaṁ kṣetrajña ityetaddvayamapyanudarśitam.

31. caturlakṣaṇajam tu anyam caturvargam
pracakṣate vyaktam avyaktajam ca eva
tathā buddham atha itarat sattvam
kṣetrajñaḥ iti etat dvayam api anudarśitam

31. tu anyam caturlakṣaṇajam caturvargam
pracakṣate vyaktam avyaktajam ca eva
tathā buddham atha itarat sattvam
kṣetrajñaḥ iti etat dvayam api anudarśitam

31. They declare a different group of four (caturvarga) that arises from four characteristics. The manifest, that which is born from the unmanifest, and similarly the conscious, and then the other (the unconscious). This pair, existence and the knower of the field, is also indicated.

Words meanings summery:

• चतुर्लक्षणजम् (caturlakṣaṇajam) - born from four characteristics, having four distinguishing marks

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed, however

• अन्यम् (anyam) - another, different, other

• चतुर्वर्गम् (caturvargam) - the group of four, the four aims of life (dharma, artha, kama, mokṣa)

• प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - they declare, they tell, they call

• व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - manifest, expressed, evident

• अव्यक्तजम् (avyaktajam) - born from the unmanifest

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, in that manner

• बुद्धम् (buddham) - the conscious, the awakened, the intellect

• अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon, moreover

• इतरत् (itarat) - the other, another, different

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - existence, being, reality, essence; the quality of goodness (one of the three guṇas)

• क्षेत्रज्ञः (kṣetrajñaḥ) - knower of the field, the soul, the individual self, the conscious principle

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way (introduces or closes a quote/explanation)

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• द्वयम् (dvayam) - a pair, a couple, duality

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• अनुदर्शितम् (anudarśitam) - shown, indicated, revealed, observed

Words meanings and morphology

चतुर्लक्षणजम् (caturlakṣaṇajam) - born from four characteristics, having four distinguishing marks

(adjective)

neuter, singular of caturlakṣaṇaja

caturlakṣaṇaja - born from four characteristics/marks

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (catur+lakṣaṇa+ja)

• catur – four
  numeral
• lakṣaṇa – characteristic, mark, sign, attribute
  noun (neuter)
• ja – born, produced from, originating from
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

अन्यम् (anyam) - another, different, other

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - another, other, different, distinct

चतुर्वर्गम् (caturvargam) - the group of four, the four aims of life (dharma, artha, kama, mokṣa)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of caturvarga

caturvarga - the group of four, the four aims of life (dharma, artha, kama, mokṣa); a collection of four things

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (catur+varga)

• catur – four
  numeral
• varga – group, class, division, collection
  noun (masculine)

प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - they declare, they tell, they call

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of pracakṣ

Prefix: pra

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - manifest, expressed, evident

(adjective)

neuter, singular of vyakta

vyakta - manifest, expressed, evident, distinct

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √añj (to anoint, make clear) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: añj (class 7)

अव्यक्तजम् (avyaktajam) - born from the unmanifest

(adjective)

neuter, singular of avyaktaja

avyaktaja - born from the unmanifest

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (avyakta+ja)

• avyakta – unmanifest, unexpressed, indistinct
  adjective/noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √añj (to anoint, make clear) with prefixes vi- and the negative prefix a-
  Prefixes: a+vi
  Root: añj (class 7)
• ja – born, produced from, originating from
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

बुद्धम् (buddham) - the conscious, the awakened, the intellect

(adjective)

neuter, singular of buddha

buddha - awakened, enlightened, known, understood; an awakened one, the intellect

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √budh (to awaken, to know, to perceive)

Root: budh (class 1)

अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon, moreover

(indeclinable)

इतरत् (itarat) - the other, another, different

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of itara

itara - the other, another, different, rest, opposite

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - existence, being, reality, essence; the quality of goodness (one of the three guṇas)

(noun)

neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - existence, being, reality, essence, nature; the quality of goodness, purity, light (one of the three guṇas); strength, courage, spirit

Derived from the root √as (to be) with the suffix -tva

Root: as (class 2)

क्षेत्रज्ञः (kṣetrajñaḥ) - knower of the field, the soul, the individual self, the conscious principle

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣetrajña

kṣetrajña - knower of the field (kṣetra), the soul, the individual self, the conscious principle; a learned person

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣetra+jña)

• kṣetra – field, ground, sacred place, body
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knowing, acquainted with, wise, a knower
  adjective/noun
  Suffix -jña (derived from √jñā)
  Derived from the root √jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way (introduces or closes a quote/explanation)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, that

द्वयम् (dvayam) - a pair, a couple, duality

(noun)

neuter, singular of dvaya

dvaya - a pair, a couple, duality, both

Derived from dvi (two)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

अनुदर्शितम् (anudarśitam) - shown, indicated, revealed, observed

(adjective)

neuter, singular of anudarśita

anudarśita - shown, indicated, revealed, observed, perceived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √dṛś (to see) with prefix anu-

Prefix: anu

Root: dṛś (class 1)