महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-216, verse-13

शक्र उवाच ।
खरयोनिमनुप्राप्तस्तुषभक्षोऽसि दानव ।
इयं ते योनिरधमा शोचस्याहो न शोचसि ॥१३॥

13. śakra uvāca ,
kharayonimanuprāptastuṣabhakṣo'si dānava ,
iyaṁ te yoniradhamā śocasyāho na śocasi.

13. śakra uvāca kharayonim anuprāptaḥ tuṣabhakṣaḥ asi
dānava iyam te yoniḥ adhamā śocasi aho na śocasi

13. śakra uvāca he dānava kharayonim anuprāptaḥ tuṣabhakṣaḥ
asi iyam te adhamā yoniḥ aho śocasi na śocasi

13. Śakra said: "O Dānava, you have attained the birth of a donkey and now you eat chaff. This is your lowest existence. Do you lament your state, or do you not?"

Words meanings summery:

• शक्र (śakra) - The deity Indra, who is speaking (Indra, the chief of the gods)

• उवाच (uvāca) - (Indra) said (said, spoke)

• खरयोनिम् (kharayonim) - the existence as a donkey (the birth/womb of a donkey)

• अनुप्राप्तः (anuprāptaḥ) - (you) having attained (having attained, having reached)

• तुषभक्षः (tuṣabhakṣaḥ) - (you) eating chaff (eating chaff, one who eats chaff)

• असि (asi) - you are

• दानव (dānava) - addressed to the demon Vṛtra (implied) (O demon, O descendant of Danu)

• इयम् (iyam) - this (birth/existence) (this (feminine))

• ते (te) - your (birth) (your, to you)

• योनिः (yoniḥ) - this birth (as a donkey) (birth, womb, origin, species)

• अधमा (adhamā) - the lowest (birth) (lowest, vilest, inferior)

• शोचसि (śocasi) - do you lament? (you grieve, you lament)

• अहो (aho) - or (introduces the alternative in a question) (Oh! indeed, or)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• शोचसि (śocasi) - do you not lament? (you grieve, you lament)

Words meanings and morphology

शक्र (śakra) - The deity Indra, who is speaking (Indra, the chief of the gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra, powerful one

उवाच (uvāca) - (Indra) said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

root vac, perfect 3rd singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

खरयोनिम् (kharayonim) - the existence as a donkey (the birth/womb of a donkey)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kharayoni

kharayoni - donkey-birth, donkey species

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (khara+yoni)

• khara – donkey
  noun (masculine)
• yoni – womb, origin, birth, species
  noun (feminine)

अनुप्राप्तः (anuprāptaḥ) - (you) having attained (having attained, having reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuprāpta

anuprāpta - attained, reached

Past Passive Participle

from root āp with prefix anu

Prefixes: anu+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: It functions here as a participial adjective modifying the implied 'you' (dānava).

तुषभक्षः (tuṣabhakṣaḥ) - (you) eating chaff (eating chaff, one who eats chaff)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tuṣabhakṣa

tuṣabhakṣa - chaff-eater

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tuṣa+bhakṣa)

• tuṣa – chaff, husk
  noun (masculine)
• bhakṣa – eating, food, that which eats
  noun (masculine)
  from root bhakṣ (to eat)
  Root: bhakṣ (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

present active

root as, present 2nd singular active

Root: as (class 2)

दानव (dānava) - addressed to the demon Vṛtra (implied) (O demon, O descendant of Danu)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dānava

dānava - demon, descendant of Danu

इयम् (iyam) - this (birth/existence) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Feminine nominative singular form of idam.

ते (te) - your (birth) (your, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

enclitic genitive/dative of tvad (you)

योनिः (yoniḥ) - this birth (as a donkey) (birth, womb, origin, species)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yoni

yoni - womb, origin, birth, species

अधमा (adhamā) - the lowest (birth) (lowest, vilest, inferior)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of adhama

adhama - lowest, inferior, worst

Note: Feminine nominative singular form of adhama.

शोचसि (śocasi) - do you lament? (you grieve, you lament)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of śuc

present active

root śuc, present 2nd singular active

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Used twice for a rhetorical question.

अहो (aho) - or (introduces the alternative in a question) (Oh! indeed, or)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an interrogative particle here.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

शोचसि (śocasi) - do you not lament? (you grieve, you lament)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of śuc

present active

root śuc, present 2nd singular active

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Repeated for rhetorical effect.