महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-216, verse-10

ब्रह्मोवाच ।
मा स्म शक्र बलिं हिंसीर्न बलिर्वधमर्हति ।
न्यायांस्तु शक्र प्रष्टव्यस्त्वया वासव काम्यया ॥१०॥

10. brahmovāca ,
mā sma śakra baliṁ hiṁsīrna balirvadhamarhati ,
nyāyāṁstu śakra praṣṭavyastvayā vāsava kāmyayā.

10. brahmā uvāca mā sma śakra balim hiṃsīḥ na baliḥ vadham
arhati nyāyān tu śakra praṣṭavyaḥ tvayā vāsava kāmyayā

10. brahmā uvāca śakra mā sma balim hiṃsīḥ baliḥ vadham na
arhati śakra vāsava tvayā kāmyayā nyāyān tu praṣṭavyaḥ

10. Brahmā said: 'O Indra, do not harm Bali; Bali does not deserve death. Rather, O Indra, you should ask him for what is righteous (dharma) as per your wish.'

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā (Brahmā (the creator deity))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• मा (mā) - used for prohibition ('do not') (do not, not)

• स्म (sma) - indeed, verily (particle emphasizing prohibition)

• शक्र (śakra) - O Indra

• बलिम् (balim) - Bali (the demon king) (Bali (accusative))

• हिंसीः (hiṁsīḥ) - you should harm (Bali) (you should harm/injure (prohibitive))

• न (na) - not, no

• बलिः (baliḥ) - Bali (the demon king) (Bali)

• वधम् (vadham) - death (killing, death, slaughter)

• अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, is worthy of

• न्यायान् (nyāyān) - just things (dharma) (righteous things, just actions, principles of justice (dharma))

• तु (tu) - but, rather (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• शक्र (śakra) - O Indra

• प्रष्टव्यः (praṣṭavyaḥ) - should be asked (from Bali) (should be asked, ought to be asked)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• वासव (vāsava) - O Indra (O Vāsava (Indra))

• काम्यया (kāmyayā) - as per your wish (with desire, by wish)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā (Brahmā (the creator deity))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmā (the creator deity); (neuter) ultimate reality (brahman), sacred word, Veda, prayer

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root vac (to speak), perfect tense form

Root: vac (class 2)

मा (mā) - used for prohibition ('do not') (do not, not)

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - indeed, verily (particle emphasizing prohibition)

(indeclinable)

शक्र (śakra) - O Indra

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra, the powerful one

बलिम् (balim) - Bali (the demon king) (Bali (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bali

bali - Bali (name of a demon king), offering, tribute, strength

हिंसीः (hiṁsīḥ) - you should harm (Bali) (you should harm/injure (prohibitive))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist/injunctive (luṅ/liṅ) of hiṃs

Aorist/Injunctive Mood

Root hiṃs (to harm), aorist/injunctive form used with 'mā' for prohibition

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

बलिः (baliḥ) - Bali (the demon king) (Bali)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bali

bali - Bali (name of a demon king), offering, tribute, strength

वधम् (vadham) - death (killing, death, slaughter)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, striking, death

अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, is worthy of

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Tense

Root arh (to deserve)

Root: arh (class 1)

न्यायान् (nyāyān) - just things (dharma) (righteous things, just actions, principles of justice (dharma))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nyāya

nyāya - justice, rule, method, logical principle, a system of philosophy (dharma)

तु (tu) - but, rather (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

शक्र (śakra) - O Indra

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra, the powerful one

प्रष्टव्यः (praṣṭavyaḥ) - should be asked (from Bali) (should be asked, ought to be asked)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praś

praś - to ask, inquire, question

Gerundive (Passive Future Participle)

Derived from root praś (to ask)

Root: praś (class 6)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

वासव (vāsava) - O Indra (O Vāsava (Indra))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vāsava

vāsava - Indra (as son of Vasu or lord of Vasus)

काम्यया (kāmyayā) - as per your wish (with desire, by wish)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kāmyā

kāmyā - desire, wish, longing