महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-216, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
यया बुद्ध्या महीपालो भ्रष्टश्रीर्विचरेन्महीम् ।
कालदण्डविनिष्पिष्टस्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
yayā buddhyā mahīpālo bhraṣṭaśrīrvicarenmahīm ,
kāladaṇḍaviniṣpiṣṭastanme brūhi pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca yayā buddhyā mahīpālaḥ bhraṣṭaśrīḥ
vicaret mahīm kāladaṇḍaviniṣpiṣṭaḥ tat me brūhi pitāmaha

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha tat me brūhi yayā buddhyā
bhraṣṭaśrīḥ kāladaṇḍaviniṣpiṣṭaḥ mahīpālaḥ mahīm vicaret

1. Yudhishthira said: "O Grandfather, please tell me, by what insight does a king, having lost his glory and being crushed by the rod of time, wander the earth?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यया (yayā) - by which, with which

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, by understanding, by insight

• महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - king, protector of the earth

• भ्रष्टश्रीः (bhraṣṭaśrīḥ) - one who has lost glory/prosperity

• विचरेत् (vicaret) - might wander, should wander

• महीम् (mahīm) - the earth

• कालदण्डविनिष्पिष्टः (kāladaṇḍaviniṣpiṣṭaḥ) - crushed by the rod of time/death

• तत् (tat) - that, this (referring to the explanation)

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressed to Bhishma by Yudhishthira. (O Grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, steady in war; a name of the eldest Pandava

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  indeclinable (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (feminine noun, battle)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यया (yayā) - by which, with which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Refers to buddhyā (by insight).

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, by understanding, by insight

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, insight

From root budh (to know, to understand)

Root: budh (class 1)

महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - king, protector of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - protector of the earth, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Refers to the king who is wandering.

भ्रष्टश्रीः (bhraṣṭaśrīḥ) - one who has lost glory/prosperity

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhraṣṭaśrī

bhraṣṭaśrī - one who has lost glory, deprived of prosperity

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhraṣṭa+śrī)

• bhraṣṭa – fallen, lost, perished
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhraś (to fall, to perish)
  Root: bhraś (class 1)
• śrī – glory, prosperity, wealth, beauty
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies mahīpālaḥ.

विचरेत् (vicaret) - might wander, should wander

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of car

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice of root car with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: car (class 1)

Note: The prefix 'vi' implies 'far and wide', or 'apart'.

महीम् (mahīm) - the earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground, land

Note: Object of 'vicaret'.

कालदण्डविनिष्पिष्टः (kāladaṇḍaviniṣpiṣṭaḥ) - crushed by the rod of time/death

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāladaṇḍaviniṣpiṣṭa

kāladaṇḍaviniṣpiṣṭa - crushed by the rod of time/death

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāladaṇḍa+viniṣpiṣṭa)

• kāladaṇḍa – rod of time, rod of Yama (god of death)
  noun (masculine)
• viniṣpiṣṭa – crushed, pounded, oppressed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root piṣ (to crush, to pound) with prefixes vi and ni
  Prefixes: vi+ni
  Root: piṣ (class 7)

Note: Qualifies mahīpālaḥ.

तत् (tat) - that, this (referring to the explanation)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Object of 'brūhi'.

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Enclitic form of dative singular of asmad.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular, active voice of root brū

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressed to Bhishma by Yudhishthira. (O Grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, Brahma (as the great father)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Yudhishthira addresses Bhishma as 'Grandfather'.