महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-2, verse-23

तं स विप्रोऽब्रवीत्क्रुद्धो वाचा निर्भर्त्सयन्निव ।
दुराचार वधार्हस्त्वं फलं प्राप्नुहि दुर्मते ॥२३॥

23. taṁ sa vipro'bravītkruddho vācā nirbhartsayanniva ,
durācāra vadhārhastvaṁ phalaṁ prāpnuhi durmate.

23. tam saḥ vipraḥ abravīt kruddhaḥ vācā nirbhartsayan
iva durācāra vadhārhaḥ tvam phalam prāpnuhi durmate

23. saḥ kruddhaḥ vipraḥ vācā nirbhartsayan iva tam abravīt
durācāra durmate tvam vadhārhaḥ phalam prāpnuhi

23. That Brahmin, enraged, spoke to him as if rebuking him with words: 'O ill-behaved one, you deserve death! O evil-minded one, receive your due consequence!'

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - to him

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• विप्रः (vipraḥ) - Brahmin, learned person, inspired

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged

• वाचा (vācā) - with words, by speech

• निर्भर्त्सयन् (nirbhartsayan) - rebuking, scolding, threatening

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as

• दुराचार (durācāra) - O ill-behaved one, O wicked one

• वधार्हः (vadhārhaḥ) - deserving of death, worthy of being killed

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence

• प्राप्नुहि (prāpnuhi) - obtain, attain, receive

• दुर्मते (durmate) - O evil-minded one, O foolish one

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - to him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the Brahmin.

विप्रः (vipraḥ) - Brahmin, learned person, inspired

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, inspired, wise

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged

Past Passive Participle

From √krudh

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'vipraḥ'.

वाचा (vācā) - with words, by speech

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - word, speech, voice

निर्भर्त्सयन् (nirbhartsayan) - rebuking, scolding, threatening

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharts

bharts - to threaten, scold

Present Active Participle

From nir- + √bharts (causative of √bhṛt) in present participle form.

Prefix: nir

Root: bharts (class 10)

Note: Modifies 'vipraḥ'.

इव (iva) - as if, like, as

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates comparison.

दुराचार (durācāra) - O ill-behaved one, O wicked one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of durācāra

durācāra - ill-behaved, wicked, having bad conduct

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+ācāra)

• dus – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
• ācāra – conduct, custom, behavior
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā

Note: Addressing Karṇa.

वधार्हः (vadhārhaḥ) - deserving of death, worthy of being killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhārha

vadhārha - deserving of death

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vadha+arha)

• vadha – killing, slaying, striking
  noun (masculine)
  From √vadh
  Root: vadh (class 1)
• arha – deserving, worthy, fit
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'tvam'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'asi'.

फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

Note: Object of 'prāpnuhi'.

प्राप्नुहि (prāpnuhi) - obtain, attain, receive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of āp

From pra- + √āp, Imperative (Loṭ) 2nd person singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

दुर्मते (durmate) - O evil-minded one, O foolish one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of durmati

durmati - evil-minded, foolish, ill-disposed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+mati)

• dus – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
• mati – mind, thought, intelligence
  noun (feminine)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Addressing Karṇa.