महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-2, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
स एवमुक्तस्तु मुनिर्नारदो वदतां वरः ।
कथयामास तत्सर्वं यथा शप्तः स सूतजः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
sa evamuktastu munirnārado vadatāṁ varaḥ ,
kathayāmāsa tatsarvaṁ yathā śaptaḥ sa sūtajaḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca sa evaṃ uktaḥ tu muniḥ nāradaḥ vadatām
varaḥ kathayām āsa tat sarvam yathā śaptaḥ sa sūta-jaḥ

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca saḥ vadatām varaḥ nāradaḥ muniḥ evam
uktaḥ tu tat sarvam yathā saḥ sūta-jaḥ śaptaḥ kathayām āsa

1. Vaiśampāyana said: The sage Nārada, who was the best among speakers, being thus addressed, then recounted everything just as that charioteer's son (sūta-ja) had been cursed.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• स (sa) - he, that

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, addressed, said

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, then

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic

• नारदः (nāradaḥ) - Nārada

• वदताम् (vadatām) - of those speaking, among speakers

• वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest

• कथयाम् आस (kathayām āsa) - he narrated, recounted, told

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• शप्तः (śaptaḥ) - cursed

• स (sa) - he, that

• सूत-जः (sūta-jaḥ) - The charioteer's son (Karṇa) (son of a charioteer)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a famous sage, a disciple of Vyāsa.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Perfect Tense, Active Voice

3rd person singular perfect active form of √vac (class 2)

Root: vac (class 2)

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from 'e' (this).

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, addressed, said

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root √vac (to speak) with participle suffix -ta.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Used with 'evam' to mean 'thus addressed'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, then

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, inspired person, silent one

Root: man (class 4)

नारदः (nāradaḥ) - Nārada

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - Name of a divine sage, known for his wisdom and as a messenger between gods and humans.

Note: Subject of the narration.

वदताम् (vadatām) - of those speaking, among speakers

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, talking, speaker

Present Active Participle

Formed from root √vad (to speak) with suffix -at.

Root: vad (class 1)

वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest, boon

From root √vṛ (to choose).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

कथयाम् आस (kathayām āsa) - he narrated, recounted, told

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of √kath

Periphrastic Perfect Tense, Active Voice

Formed by combining the nominal stem 'kathayā' (from the causative of √kath) with a perfect form of √as (to be).

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: 'āsa' is the auxiliary perfect form.

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Directly modifying 'tat', indicating 'that whole thing' or 'all of that'.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

Relative adverb.

शप्तः (śaptaḥ) - cursed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śapta

śapta - cursed, sworn

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root √śap (to curse, swear).

Root: śap (class 1)

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

सूत-जः (sūta-jaḥ) - The charioteer's son (Karṇa) (son of a charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta-ja

sūta-ja - son of a charioteer, born of a charioteer

Compound of sūta (charioteer) and ja (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+ja)

• sūta – charioteer, bard, one born from a kṣatriya father and brāhmaṇa mother
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)