महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-2, verse-12

द्रोणस्तथोक्तः कर्णेन सापेक्षः फल्गुनं प्रति ।
दौरात्म्यं चापि कर्णस्य विदित्वा तमुवाच ह ॥१२॥

12. droṇastathoktaḥ karṇena sāpekṣaḥ phalgunaṁ prati ,
daurātmyaṁ cāpi karṇasya viditvā tamuvāca ha.

12. droṇaḥ tathā uktaḥ karṇena sāpekṣaḥ phalgunam prati
daurātmyam ca api karṇasya viditvā tam uvāca ha

12. droṇaḥ karṇena tathā uktaḥ phalgunam prati sāpekṣaḥ
karṇasya daurātmyam ca api viditvā tam ha uvāca

12. Drona, thus spoken to by Karna, and having a special regard for Arjuna, understood Karna's evil nature (daurātmya) and then indeed spoke to him.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - (Drona) addressed by Karna (said, spoken, addressed)

• कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karna

• सापेक्षः (sāpekṣaḥ) - having a special regard for Arjuna (having regard for, partial, considerate)

• फल्गुनम् (phalgunam) - Arjuna (another name for Arjuna)

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, concerning

• दौरात्म्यम् (daurātmyam) - Karna's maliciousness (wickedness, malice, evil nature)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• कर्णस्य (karṇasya) - of Karna

• विदित्वा (viditvā) - having known, having understood

• तम् (tam) - to Karna (him, that (masc. acc. sg.))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Drona spoke (to Karna) (spoke, said)

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (a proper name, the teacher of the Pandavas and Kauravas)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - (Drona) addressed by Karna (said, spoken, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, expressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (a proper name, son of Kunti and Surya)

सापेक्षः (sāpekṣaḥ) - having a special regard for Arjuna (having regard for, partial, considerate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāpekṣa

sāpekṣa - having regard for, partial, considerate, dependent on

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+apekṣa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• apekṣa – regard, expectation, dependence
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: apa

फल्गुनम् (phalgunam) - Arjuna (another name for Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (a proper name, one of the Pandavas)

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, concerning

(indeclinable)

दौरात्म्यम् (daurātmyam) - Karna's maliciousness (wickedness, malice, evil nature)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daurātmya

daurātmya - wickedness, malice, evil nature, depravity

Abstract noun derived from durātman (evil-minded)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

कर्णस्य (karṇasya) - of Karna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (a proper name)

विदित्वा (viditvā) - having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form of root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

तम् (tam) - to Karna (him, that (masc. acc. sg.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उवाच (uvāca) - Drona spoke (to Karna) (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Perfect form of root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)