महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-166, verse-2

स चापि पार्श्वे सुष्वाप विश्वस्तो बकराट्तदा ।
कृतघ्नस्तु स दुष्टात्मा तं जिघांसुरजागरत् ॥२॥

2. sa cāpi pārśve suṣvāpa viśvasto bakarāṭtadā ,
kṛtaghnastu sa duṣṭātmā taṁ jighāṁsurajāgarat.

2. sa ca api pārśve suṣvāpa viśvastaḥ bakaraṭ tadā
kṛtaghnaḥ tu sa duṣṭātmā tam jighāṃsuḥ ajāgarat

2. sa bakaraṭ ca api viśvastaḥ tadā pārśve suṣvāpa
tu sa kṛtaghnaḥ duṣṭātmā tam jighāṃsuḥ ajāgarat

2. And that crane-king (bakaraṭ), trusting, then slept soundly by its side. But that ungrateful (kṛtaghna), evil-souled (duṣṭātmā) one, desiring to kill him, remained awake.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Refers to the 'crane-king' (bakaraṭ). (he, that)

• च (ca) - Connects this action to the previous statement. (and)

• अपि (api) - Emphasizes that the crane-king 'also' slept. (also, even)

• पार्श्वे (pārśve) - By the side of the fire or the hawk. (by the side, near)

• सुष्वाप (suṣvāpa) - The crane-king slept. (slept soundly, fell asleep)

• विश्वस्तः (viśvastaḥ) - The crane-king was in a state of trust, which was later betrayed. (trusting, confident, unsuspecting)

• बकरट् (bakaraṭ) - The wicked crane. (crane-king, king of cranes)

• तदा (tadā) - Refers to the time when the crane-king slept. (then, at that time)

• कृतघ्नः (kṛtaghnaḥ) - Characterizing the crane-king's negative nature. (ungrateful, destroyer of good deeds)

• तु (tu) - Introduces a contrast in the crane-king's behavior. (but, on the other hand)

• स (sa) - Again refers to the 'crane-king'. (he, that)

• दुष्टात्मा (duṣṭātmā) - Describes the crane-king's character. (evil-souled, wicked-minded)

• तम् (tam) - Refers to the hawk who is the target of the crane-king's aggression. (him, that)

• जिघांसुः (jighāṁsuḥ) - The crane-king's intention. (desiring to kill, wishing to strike)

• अजागरत् (ajāgarat) - The crane-king stayed awake with evil intent. (remained awake, did not sleep)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Refers to the 'crane-king' (bakaraṭ). (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

च (ca) - Connects this action to the previous statement. (and)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - Emphasizes that the crane-king 'also' slept. (also, even)

(indeclinable)

पार्श्वे (pārśve) - By the side of the fire or the hawk. (by the side, near)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pārśva

pārśva - side, flank

Note: Functions adverbially.

सुष्वाप (suṣvāpa) - The crane-king slept. (slept soundly, fell asleep)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of svap

Perfect Active

root 'svap' (2nd class) in perfect tense; reduplication and cerebralization of 's'

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: From root √svap.

विश्वस्तः (viśvastaḥ) - The crane-king was in a state of trust, which was later betrayed. (trusting, confident, unsuspecting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvasta

viśvasta - trusted, confident, unsuspecting

Past Passive Participle

from root √śvas (to trust) with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'bakaraṭ'.

बकरट् (bakaraṭ) - The wicked crane. (crane-king, king of cranes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bakaraṭ

bakaraṭ - crane-king, king of cranes

Compound type : tatpurusha (baka+rājan)

• baka – crane
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: The subject of 'suṣvāpa'.

तदा (tadā) - Refers to the time when the crane-king slept. (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

derived from 'tad' (that)

Note: Temporal adverb.

कृतघ्नः (kṛtaghnaḥ) - Characterizing the crane-king's negative nature. (ungrateful, destroyer of good deeds)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtaghna

kṛtaghna - ungrateful, destroyer of good deeds

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṛta+ghna)

• kṛta – done, performed (as a good deed)
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ghna – destroying, killing
  adjective (masculine)
  from root √han (to kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'sa' (the crane-king).

तु (tu) - Introduces a contrast in the crane-king's behavior. (but, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

स (sa) - Again refers to the 'crane-king'. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

दुष्टात्मा (duṣṭātmā) - Describes the crane-king's character. (evil-souled, wicked-minded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṣṭātman

duṣṭātman - evil-souled, wicked, base

Compound type : tatpurusha (duṣṭa+ātman)

• duṣṭa – wicked, bad, corrupted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √duṣ
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'sa' (the crane-king).

तम् (tam) - Refers to the hawk who is the target of the crane-king's aggression. (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of 'jighāṃsuḥ'.

जिघांसुः (jighāṁsuḥ) - The crane-king's intention. (desiring to kill, wishing to strike)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jighāṃsu

jighāṁsu - desiring to kill

Desiderative Participle

from desiderative stem of root √han (to kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'sa' (the crane-king).

अजागरत् (ajāgarat) - The crane-king stayed awake with evil intent. (remained awake, did not sleep)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of jāgṛ

Imperfect Active

root 'jāgṛ' (2nd class) in imperfect tense with augment 'a'

Root: jāgṛ (class 2)

Note: From root √jāgṛ.