महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-166, verse-15

रुरोद राजा तं दृष्ट्वा सामात्यः सपुरोहितः ।
आर्तनादश्च सुमहानभूत्तस्य निवेशने ॥१५॥

15. ruroda rājā taṁ dṛṣṭvā sāmātyaḥ sapurohitaḥ ,
ārtanādaśca sumahānabhūttasya niveśane.

15. rurōda rājā tam dṛṣṭvā sāmātyaḥ sapurohitaḥ
ārtanādaḥ ca sumahān abhūt tasya niveśane

15. tam dṛṣṭvā sāmātyaḥ sapurohitaḥ rājā rurōda
ca tasya niveśane sumahān ārtanādaḥ abhūt

15. Having seen him, the king cried, along with his ministers and priests. A very great cry of distress arose in his palace.

Words meanings summery:

• रुर्ओद (rurōda) - he cried (he cried, he wept)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (king)

• तम् (tam) - him (Gautama) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सामात्यः (sāmātyaḥ) - along with his ministers (with ministers, accompanied by ministers)

• सपुरोहितः (sapurohitaḥ) - along with his priests (with priests, accompanied by priests)

• आर्तनादः (ārtanādaḥ) - a cry of distress (cry of distress, lamentation)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great (very great, very large)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - arose (it was, it came to be, it happened)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (the king's) (his, its)

• निवेशने (niveśane) - in his palace (in the dwelling, in the palace)

Words meanings and morphology

रुर्ओद (rurōda) - he cried (he cried, he wept)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of rud

Root: rud (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - the king (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

तम् (tam) - him (Gautama) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix '-tvā'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सामात्यः (sāmātyaḥ) - along with his ministers (with ministers, accompanied by ministers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāmātya

sāmātya - accompanied by ministers, with ministers

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+amātya)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  Prefix for bahuvrīhi compounds.
• amātya – minister, companion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'rājā'.

सपुरोहितः (sapurohitaḥ) - along with his priests (with priests, accompanied by priests)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sapurohita

sapurohita - accompanied by priests, with priests

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+purohita)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  Prefix for bahuvrīhi compounds.
• purohita – family priest, chaplain
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'rājā'.

आर्तनादः (ārtanādaḥ) - a cry of distress (cry of distress, lamentation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārtanāda

ārtanāda - cry of distress, lamentation, shriek of pain

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ārta+nāda)

• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ṛ' (to go) with prefix 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)
• nāda – sound, cry, roar
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great (very great, very large)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, immense, noble

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix for intensification.
• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'ārtanādaḥ'.

अभूत् (abhūt) - arose (it was, it came to be, it happened)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - his (the king's) (his, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

निवेशने (niveśane) - in his palace (in the dwelling, in the palace)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of niveśana

niveśana - dwelling, house, palace, encampment

Prefix: ni

Root: viś (class 6)