महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-152, verse-31

लाभालाभौ सुखदुःखे च तात प्रियाप्रिये मरणं जीवितं च ।
समानि येषां स्थिरविक्रमाणां बुद्धात्मनां सत्त्वमवस्थितानाम् ॥३१॥

31. lābhālābhau sukhaduḥkhe ca tāta; priyāpriye maraṇaṁ jīvitaṁ ca ,
samāni yeṣāṁ sthiravikramāṇāṁ; buddhātmanāṁ sattvamavasthitānām.

31. lābhālābhau sukha-duḥkhe ca tāta
priyāpriye maraṇam jīvitam ca
samāni yeṣām sthiravikramāṇām
buddhātmanām sattvam avasthitānām

31. tāta yeṣām sthiravikramāṇām
buddhātmanām sattvam avasthitānām
ca lābhālābhau sukha-duḥkhe
priyāpriye maraṇam jīvitam ca samāni

31. My dear one, for those of unwavering resolve, whose inner self (ātman) is awakened, and who are firmly established in goodness (sattva), gains and losses, joys and sorrows, pleasant and unpleasant experiences, and death and life are all regarded as the same.

Words meanings summery:

• लाभालाभौ (lābhālābhau) - gains and losses

• सुख-दुःखे (sukha-duḥkhe) - joys and sorrows

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तात (tāta) - my dear one (term of address) (dear one, father, son, venerable person)

• प्रियाप्रिये (priyāpriye) - pleasant and unpleasant experiences (pleasant and unpleasant things/experiences)

• मरणम् (maraṇam) - death (death, dying)

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life (life, living)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• समानि (samāni) - are regarded as the same (equal, same, uniform, balanced)

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - for whom (of whom, of which, whose)

• स्थिरविक्रमाणाम् (sthiravikramāṇām) - of those of unwavering resolve (of those with steady valor/power/effort/resolve)

• बुद्धात्मनाम् (buddhātmanām) - of those whose inner self (ātman) is awakened (of those whose self/soul is awakened/understood)

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - goodness (sattva) (goodness, reality, essential nature, truth, being, vitality)

• अवस्थितानाम् (avasthitānām) - of those who are firmly established (of those who are established/situated/firm)

Words meanings and morphology

लाभालाभौ (lābhālābhau) - gains and losses

(noun)

masculine, dual of lābhālābha

lābhālābha - gain and loss, profit and no profit

Dvandva compound

Compound type : dvandva (lābha+alābha)

• lābha – gain, profit, acquisition
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root labh- 'to obtain'
  Root: labh (class 1)
• alābha – no gain, loss, failure
  noun (masculine)
  Negation of lābha
  Prefix: a

Note: Dual form often used for pairs.

सुख-दुःखे (sukha-duḥkhe) - joys and sorrows

(noun)

neuter, dual of sukha-duḥkha

sukha-duḥkha - happiness and sorrow, pleasure and pain

Dvandva compound

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – happiness, joy, pleasure, ease
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, unease
  noun (neuter)

Note: Dual form often used for pairs.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तात (tāta) - my dear one (term of address) (dear one, father, son, venerable person)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, son, dear one, venerable sir

Vocative form or used as an affectionate address.

प्रियाप्रिये (priyāpriye) - pleasant and unpleasant experiences (pleasant and unpleasant things/experiences)

(noun)

neuter, dual of priyāpriya

priyāpriya - pleasant and unpleasant, friend and foe, good and bad

Dvandva compound

Compound type : dvandva (priya+apriya)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable
  adjective (neuter)
• apriya – unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked
  adjective (neuter)
  Negation of priya
  Prefix: a

Note: Dual form for pairs, agreeing with lābhālābhau and sukha-duḥkhe.

मरणम् (maraṇam) - death (death, dying)

(noun)

neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying, mortal state

From root mṛ- 'to die', suffix -ana.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: It appears singular, but the context implies a pair with jīvitam.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life (life, living)

(noun)

neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, livelihood, alive

Past Passive Participle

From root jīv- 'to live', suffix -ita.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Paired with maraṇam.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

समानि (samāni) - are regarded as the same (equal, same, uniform, balanced)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of samāna

samāna - equal, similar, same, common, balanced

Note: Agrees with the plural collection of pairs (gains/losses, joys/sorrows, etc.).

येषाम् (yeṣām) - for whom (of whom, of which, whose)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Note: Refers to the following noun phrases in genitive plural.

स्थिरविक्रमाणाम् (sthiravikramāṇām) - of those of unwavering resolve (of those with steady valor/power/effort/resolve)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sthiravikrama

sthiravikrama - one with steady valor, firm power, unwavering resolve

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sthira+vikrama)

• sthira – firm, steady, stable, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)
• vikrama – valor, power, courage, effort, step
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from vi-kram- 'to step forth, to overcome'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Modifies an implied noun, like 'people' or 'beings'.

बुद्धात्मनाम् (buddhātmanām) - of those whose inner self (ātman) is awakened (of those whose self/soul is awakened/understood)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of buddhātman

buddhātman - one whose self (ātman) is known/enlightened/understood

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (buddha+ātman)

• buddha – awakened, enlightened, known, understood
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root budh- 'to awaken, know'
  Root: budh (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with yeṣām and sthiravikramāṇām.

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - goodness (sattva) (goodness, reality, essential nature, truth, being, vitality)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - being, existence, essence, reality, goodness, truth, vitality

From root as- 'to be' with suffix -tva

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Object of avasthitānām implicitly 'established in'.

अवस्थितानाम् (avasthitānām) - of those who are firmly established (of those who are established/situated/firm)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of avasthita

avasthita - established, firm, situated, present, steadfast

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā- 'to stand' with prefix ava-.

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with yeṣām, sthiravikramāṇām, buddhātmanām.