महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-152, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
पापस्य यदधिष्ठानं यतः पापं प्रवर्तते ।
एतदिच्छाम्यहं ज्ञातुं तत्त्वेन भरतर्षभ ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
pāpasya yadadhiṣṭhānaṁ yataḥ pāpaṁ pravartate ,
etadicchāmyahaṁ jñātuṁ tattvena bharatarṣabha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pāpasya yat adhiṣṭhānam yataḥ pāpam
pravartate etat icchāmi aham jñātum tattvena bharatarṣabha

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bharatarṣabha pāpasya yat adhiṣṭhānam
yataḥ pāpam pravartate etat aham tattvena jñātum icchāmi

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O best of Bharatas, I wish to truly know this: what is the basis of sin, and from where does sin originate?'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• पापस्य (pāpasya) - of sin, of evil

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• अधिष्ठानम् (adhiṣṭhānam) - basis, seat, support, location

• यतः (yataḥ) - from where, whence

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil

• प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - proceeds, originates, arises

• एतत् (etat) - this

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

• अहम् (aham) - I

• ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know, to understand

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - in truth, truly, thoroughly

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O Bhīṣma (O best of Bharatas)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle (a proper noun, name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle (locative of yudh)
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पापस्य (pāpasya) - of sin, of evil

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wickedness, bad action

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun introducing a clause.

अधिष्ठानम् (adhiṣṭhānam) - basis, seat, support, location

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhiṣṭhāna

adhiṣṭhāna - a standing or staying upon, superintendence, residence, basis, seat, support

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix adhi-.

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)

यतः (yataḥ) - from where, whence

(indeclinable)

Derived from the relative pronoun yad with the ablative suffix -tas.

पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wickedness, bad action

प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - proceeds, originates, arises

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of pravṛt

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

Note: Refers to the entire preceding question.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know, to understand

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from root jñā (to know) with the suffix -tum.

Root: jñā (class 9)

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - in truth, truly, thoroughly

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, true state, principle, essence

Note: Used adverbially.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O Bhīṣma (O best of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bharatas, best of Bharatas

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a king
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used as an address to Bhīṣma.