महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-152, verse-3

अतः पापमधर्मश्च तथा दुःखमनुत्तमम् ।
निकृत्या मूलमेतद्धि येन पापकृतो जनाः ॥३॥

3. ataḥ pāpamadharmaśca tathā duḥkhamanuttamam ,
nikṛtyā mūlametaddhi yena pāpakṛto janāḥ.

3. ataḥ pāpam adharmaḥ ca tathā duḥkham anuttamam
nikṛtyā mūlam etat hi yena pāpakṛtaḥ janāḥ

3. ataḥ nikṛtyā pāpam ca adharmaḥ tathā anuttamam
duḥkham etat mūlam hi yena janāḥ pāpakṛtaḥ

3. Therefore, through deceit, sin, unrighteousness (adharma), and also immense suffering find their root; it is by this that people become doers of sin.

Words meanings summery:

• अतः (ataḥ) - hence, therefore, from this

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wrong, misfortune

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong conduct, violation of natural law (dharma)

• च (ca) - and, also

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, also

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

• अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unmitigated, immense (modifying suffering) (unsurpassed, excellent, greatest, unmitigated)

• निकृत्या (nikṛtyā) - by deceit (by deceit, by fraud, by malice, by trickery)

• मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin (root, origin, basis, cause)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to `nikṛtyā` or the 'root') (this, this one)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, because, for)

• येन (yena) - by which (referring to the root/deceit) (by which, by whom)

• पापकृतः (pāpakṛtaḥ) - doers of sin (doers of sin, sinful, evil-doers)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, men, folk)

Words meanings and morphology

अतः (ataḥ) - hence, therefore, from this

(indeclinable)

ablative of `idam` + `tasil` suffix

पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wrong, misfortune

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wrong, misfortune, bad

Note: Can also be accusative singular. Here, likely nominative as part of a list of subjects.

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong conduct, violation of natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong conduct, demerit, violation of natural law (dharma)

negative prefix 'a-' + 'dharma'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, also

(indeclinable)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

Note: Can also be accusative singular. Here, likely nominative as part of a list of subjects.

अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unmitigated, immense (modifying suffering) (unsurpassed, excellent, greatest, unmitigated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anuttama

anuttama - unsurpassed, excellent, highest, greatest, best

negative prefix 'an-' + 'uttama'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+uttama)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
• uttama – highest, best, supreme, excellent
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `duḥkham`.

निकृत्या (nikṛtyā) - by deceit (by deceit, by fraud, by malice, by trickery)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of nikṛti

nikṛti - deceit, fraud, trickery, malice, wickedness

from 'ni-' + root 'kṛ' (to do)

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛ (class 8)

मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin (root, origin, basis, cause)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, origin, basis, cause, foundation

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to `nikṛtyā` or the 'root') (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Agrees with `mūlam`.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

येन (yena) - by which (referring to the root/deceit) (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to `mūlam` (neuter) or `nikṛti` (feminine), but `yena` is neuter/masculine instrumental singular, so likely agreeing with `mūlam`.

पापकृतः (pāpakṛtaḥ) - doers of sin (doers of sin, sinful, evil-doers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāpakṛt

pāpakṛt - sinful, evil-doer, perpetrator of sin

compound of 'pāpa' and agent noun from root 'kṛ'

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (pāpa+kṛt)

• pāpa – sin, evil, wrong
  noun (neuter)
• kṛt – doer, maker, performing
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with `janāḥ`.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, men, folk)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man, creature

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.