महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-118, verse-4

नापरीक्ष्य महीपालः प्रकर्तुं भृत्यमर्हति ।
अकुलीननराकीर्णो न राजा सुखमेधते ॥४॥

4. nāparīkṣya mahīpālaḥ prakartuṁ bhṛtyamarhati ,
akulīnanarākīrṇo na rājā sukhamedhate.

4. na aparīkṣya mahīpālaḥ prakartum bhṛtyam
arhati akulīnanarākīrṇaḥ na rājā sukham edhate

4. mahīpālaḥ bhṛtyam aparīkṣya prakartum na
arhati akulīnanarākīrṇaḥ rājā sukham na edhate

4. A king should not appoint a servant without thoroughly examining him. A ruler surrounded by ignoble men does not prosper well.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अपरीक्ष्य (aparīkṣya) - without examining, not having investigated

• महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - king, ruler, protector of the earth

• प्रकर्तुम् (prakartum) - to appoint (a servant) (to appoint, to employ, to do, to make)

• भृत्यम् (bhṛtyam) - servant, employee, one who is to be supported

• अर्हति (arhati) - is worthy, ought, should, deserves

• अकुलीननराकीर्णः (akulīnanarākīrṇaḥ) - filled with ignoble men, crowded with low-born individuals

• न (na) - not, no

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, comfort, well, happily

• एधते (edhate) - prospers, flourishes, grows, thrives

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अपरीक्ष्य (aparīkṣya) - without examining, not having investigated

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Derived from root 'īkṣ' (to see, observe) with prefix 'pari-' and suffix 'lyaP', negated by 'a-'.

Compound type : negated (a+parīkṣya)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
  Negation prefix.
• parīkṣya – having examined, after investigating
  indeclinable
  absolutive/gerund
  From root 'īkṣ' (to see, observe) with prefix 'pari-' and suffix 'lyaP'.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)

महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - king, ruler, protector of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - king, ruler, protector of the earth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth, land
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pā' (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

प्रकर्तुम् (prakartum) - to appoint (a servant) (to appoint, to employ, to do, to make)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with prefix 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

भृत्यम् (bhṛtyam) - servant, employee, one who is to be supported

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - servant, employee, one who is to be supported

gerundive

From root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support) with suffix '-tya'.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

अर्हति (arhati) - is worthy, ought, should, deserves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

अकुलीननराकीर्णः (akulīnanarākīrṇaḥ) - filled with ignoble men, crowded with low-born individuals

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akulīnanarākīrṇa

akulīnanarākīrṇa - filled with ignoble men, crowded with low-born individuals

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kulīna+nara+ākīrṇa)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
  Negation prefix.
• kulīna – of noble family, well-born
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'kula' (family) + '-īna' suffix.
• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• ākīrṇa – filled, covered, scattered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' (to scatter) with prefix 'ā-'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kṛ (class 6)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, comfort, well, happily

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here adverbially, 'happily' or 'well'.

एधते (edhate) - prospers, flourishes, grows, thrives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of edh

Root: edh (class 1)