महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-118, verse-18

मेधावी धारणायुक्तो यथान्यायोपपादकः ।
दान्तः सदा प्रियाभाषी क्षमावांश्च विपर्यये ॥१८॥

18. medhāvī dhāraṇāyukto yathānyāyopapādakaḥ ,
dāntaḥ sadā priyābhāṣī kṣamāvāṁśca viparyaye.

18. medhāvī dhāraṇāyuktaḥ yathānyāyopapādakaḥ
dāntaḥ sadā priyābhāṣī kṣamāvān ca viparyaye

18. saḥ medhāvī dhāraṇāyuktaḥ yathānyāyopapādakaḥ dāntaḥ
sadā priyābhāṣī ca viparyaye kṣamāvān (bhavet)

18. He should be intelligent, endowed with good memory, a dispenser of justice according to what is right, self-controlled, always speaking pleasantly, and forgiving in adverse circumstances.

Words meanings summery:

• मेधावी (medhāvī) - highly intelligent, having sharp intellect (intelligent, sagacious, possessing wisdom)

• धारणायुक्तः (dhāraṇāyuktaḥ) - having a strong memory and retention capacity (endowed with memory, possessed of retention)

• यथान्यायोपपादकः (yathānyāyopapādakaḥ) - one who ensures that justice is served in accordance with established rules and principles (an enforcer/giver of justice according to what is right)

• दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - one who has subdued his senses and passions (self-controlled, subdued, patient, calm)

• सदा (sadā) - always, without fail (always, ever, constantly)

• प्रियाभाषी (priyābhāṣī) - always speaks in a kind and pleasing manner (speaking pleasantly, sweet-speaking)

• क्षमावान् (kṣamāvān) - endowed with the quality of forgiveness (forgiving, patient, possessing forgiveness)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• विपर्यये (viparyaye) - in adverse or contrary circumstances (in reverse, in contradiction, in an adverse case, in misfortune)

Words meanings and morphology

मेधावी (medhāvī) - highly intelligent, having sharp intellect (intelligent, sagacious, possessing wisdom)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of medhāvin

medhāvin - intelligent, sagacious, wise, possessing a good memory

From medhā (intelligence) + vin suffix.

Note: Agrees with implied rājā.

धारणायुक्तः (dhāraṇāyuktaḥ) - having a strong memory and retention capacity (endowed with memory, possessed of retention)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhāraṇāyukta

dhāraṇāyukta - endowed with memory, possessed of retention

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhāraṇā+yukta)

• dhāraṇā – retention, memory, concentration, conviction
  noun (feminine)
  Verbal Noun
  From √dhṛ (to hold, support) + suffix -anā.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• yukta – joined, connected, endowed with, yoked, engaged, proper
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √yuj (class 7, yujati) with suffix -ta.
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with implied rājā.

यथान्यायोपपादकः (yathānyāyopapādakaḥ) - one who ensures that justice is served in accordance with established rules and principles (an enforcer/giver of justice according to what is right)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yathānyāyopapādaka

yathānyāyopapādaka - an enforcer/giver of justice according to what is right

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yathānyāya+upapādaka)

• yathānyāya – according to justice, as is right, properly
  indeclinable
  Avyayībhāva compound
• yathā – as, according to, in which way
  indeclinable
• nyāya – justice, rule, method, logic, argument
  noun (masculine)
  From ni + āy (to go, come).
  Prefixes: ni+ā
  Root: i (class 2)
• upapādaka – causing to happen, effecting, providing, supplying, executing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun (ṇvul pratyaya)
  From √pad (to go, obtain) with prefixes upa- and ā- (causative of upa-pad), suffix -aka.
  Prefixes: upa+ā
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with implied rājā.

दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - one who has subdued his senses and passions (self-controlled, subdued, patient, calm)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dānta

dānta - self-controlled, subdued, patient, calm, trained, tamed

Past Passive Participle

From √dam (to tame, control, subdue) + -ta suffix.

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Agrees with implied rājā.

सदा (sadā) - always, without fail (always, ever, constantly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies priyābhāṣī.

प्रियाभाषी (priyābhāṣī) - always speaks in a kind and pleasing manner (speaking pleasantly, sweet-speaking)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of priyābhāṣin

priyābhāṣin - speaking pleasantly, sweet-speaking, affable in speech

From priya (pleasant) + bhāṣin (speaking).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (priya+bhāṣin)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable
  adjective
  Root: prī (class 9)
• bhāṣin – speaking, speaker, conversing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun (ṇini pratyaya)
  From √bhāṣ (to speak) + -in suffix.
  Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied rājā.

क्षमावान् (kṣamāvān) - endowed with the quality of forgiveness (forgiving, patient, possessing forgiveness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣamāvat

kṣamāvat - forgiving, patient, enduring, possessing forgiveness

From kṣamā (forgiveness) + vat suffix (possessive).

Note: Agrees with implied rājā.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects priyābhāṣī and kṣamāvān.

विपर्यये (viparyaye) - in adverse or contrary circumstances (in reverse, in contradiction, in an adverse case, in misfortune)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of viparyaya

viparyaya - reverse, inversion, contradiction, adverse case, misfortune, calamity

From vi- + pari- + √i (to go) + -aya.

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Modifies kṣamāvān.