महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-118, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
स श्वा प्रकृतिमापन्नः परं दैन्यमुपागमत् ।
ऋषिणा हुंकृतः पापस्तपोवनबहिष्कृतः ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
sa śvā prakṛtimāpannaḥ paraṁ dainyamupāgamat ,
ṛṣiṇā huṁkṛtaḥ pāpastapovanabahiṣkṛtaḥ.

1. bhīṣma uvāca sa śvā prakṛtim āpannaḥ param dainyam
upāgamat ṛṣiṇā huṃkṛtaḥ pāpaḥ tapovanabahiṣkṛtaḥ

1. bhīṣma uvāca sa śvā prakṛtim āpannaḥ param dainyam
upāgamat ṛṣiṇā huṃkṛtaḥ pāpaḥ tapovanabahiṣkṛtaḥ

1. Bhishma said: That (individual) who was (once) a dog, having regained his original nature (prakṛti), fell into extreme misery. The wicked one, scolded by the sage, was then expelled from the hermitage (tapovana).

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• स (sa) - he, that

• श्वा (śvā) - dog

• प्रकृतिम् (prakṛtim) - nature, original state, primordial matter, intrinsic nature

• आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - attained, reached, fallen into

• परम् (param) - supreme, extreme, highest

• दैन्यम् (dainyam) - wretchedness, misery, poverty

• उपागमत् (upāgamat) - attained, approached, reached

• ऋषिणा (ṛṣiṇā) - by the sage, by the seer

• हुंकृतः (huṁkṛtaḥ) - scolded, treated with a 'hum' sound

• पापः (pāpaḥ) - wicked, sinful, evil

• तपोवनबहिष्कृतः (tapovanabahiṣkṛtaḥ) - expelled from the hermitage (tapovana)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

श्वा (śvā) - dog

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvan

śvan - dog

प्रकृतिम् (prakṛtim) - nature, original state, primordial matter, intrinsic nature

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prakṛti

prakṛti - nature, original form, primordial matter, constitution, intrinsic nature

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - attained, reached, fallen into

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - attained, reached, fallen into, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

परम् (param) - supreme, extreme, highest

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, another; supreme, highest, excellent

दैन्यम् (dainyam) - wretchedness, misery, poverty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dainya

dainya - wretchedness, misery, humbleness, poverty

abstract noun from dīna (wretched) + ṣyañ

उपागमत् (upāgamat) - attained, approached, reached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of upāgam

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

ऋषिणा (ṛṣiṇā) - by the sage, by the seer

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

हुंकृतः (huṁkṛtaḥ) - scolded, treated with a 'hum' sound

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of huṃkṛta

huṁkṛta - scolded, rebuked with a hum sound

Past Passive Participle

from huṃ (onomatopoeic sound) + kṛta

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hum+kṛta)

• hum – hum sound (interjection of contempt or anger)
  indeclinable
• kṛta – made, done, performed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

पापः (pāpaḥ) - wicked, sinful, evil

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, bad, wicked, sinful; sin, vice

तपोवनबहिष्कृतः (tapovanabahiṣkṛtaḥ) - expelled from the hermitage (tapovana)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapovanabahiṣkṛta

tapovanabahiṣkṛta - expelled from the hermitage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapovana+bahiṣkṛta)

• tapovana – hermitage, ascetic grove
  noun (neuter)
• bahiṣkṛta – expelled, cast out, excluded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefix: bahis
  Root: kṛ (class 8)