महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-118, verse-15

सचिवं यः प्रकुरुते न चैनमवमन्यते ।
तस्य विस्तीर्यते राज्यं ज्योत्स्ना ग्रहपतेरिव ॥१५॥

15. sacivaṁ yaḥ prakurute na cainamavamanyate ,
tasya vistīryate rājyaṁ jyotsnā grahapateriva.

15. sacivam yaḥ prakurute na ca enam avamanyate
tasya vistīryate rājyam jyotsnā grahapateḥ iva

15. yaḥ sacivam prakurute ca enam na avamanyate
tasya rājyam vistīryate grahapateḥ jyotsnā iva

15. The kingdom of him who appoints such a minister and does not disrespect him, expands, just as the moonlight (jyotsnā) of the moon (grahapati) spreads.

Words meanings summery:

• सचिवम् (sacivam) - a minister, companion, advisor

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• प्रकुरुते (prakurute) - appoints, makes, performs

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• एनम् (enam) - referring to the minister (him, this one)

• अवमन्यते (avamanyate) - despises, disregards, disrespects

• तस्य (tasya) - referring to the person who appoints the minister (his, of that)

• विस्तीर्यते (vistīryate) - expands, spreads, extends

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, realm, dominion

• ज्योत्स्ना (jyotsnā) - moonlight

• ग्रहपतेः (grahapateḥ) - referring to the moon (of the lord of stars, of the moon)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

Words meanings and morphology

सचिवम् (sacivam) - a minister, companion, advisor

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saciva

saciva - minister, companion, advisor

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

प्रकुरुते (prakurute) - appoints, makes, performs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Middle Indicative

3rd person singular, ātmanepada

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - referring to the minister (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him, her, it

Demonstrative pronoun

अवमन्यते (avamanyate) - despises, disregards, disrespects

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of man

Present Middle Indicative

3rd person singular, ātmanepada, with prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

तस्य (tasya) - referring to the person who appoints the minister (his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

विस्तीर्यते (vistīryate) - expands, spreads, extends

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of vistīr

Present Passive Indicative

3rd person singular, with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: stṛ (class 5)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, realm, dominion

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, dominion, sovereignty

Derived from rājan (king)

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'vistīryate'.

ज्योत्स्ना (jyotsnā) - moonlight

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jyotsnā

jyotsnā - moonlight, moonshine

Derived from jyotiḥ (light)

Root: dyut (class 1)

Note: Used as the subject of comparison.

ग्रहपतेः (grahapateḥ) - referring to the moon (of the lord of stars, of the moon)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of grahapati

grahapati - lord of stars, master of planets, the moon

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (graha+pati)

• graha – planet, star, celestial body
  noun (masculine)
  Root: grah (class 9)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)