महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-109, verse-28

एतत्सर्वमतिदेशेन सृष्टं यत्कर्तव्यं पुरुषेणेह लोके ।
एतच्छ्रेयो नान्यदस्माद्विशिष्टं सर्वान्धर्माननुसृत्यैतदुक्तम् ॥२८॥

28. etatsarvamatideśena sṛṣṭaṁ; yatkartavyaṁ puruṣeṇeha loke ,
etacchreyo nānyadasmādviśiṣṭaṁ; sarvāndharmānanusṛtyaitaduktam.

28. etat sarvam atideśena sṛṣṭaṃ yat
kartavyaṃ puruṣeṇa iha loke etat
śreyaḥ na anyat asmāt viśiṣṭaṃ
sarvān dharmān anusṛtya etat uktam

28. iha loke puruṣeṇa yat kartavyam
etat sarvam atideśena sṛṣṭam etat
śreyaḥ asmāt anyat na viśiṣṭam
sarvān dharmān anusṛtya etat uktam

28. All this, which a person (puruṣa) ought to perform in this world, has been prescribed by comprehensive instruction. This is what is beneficial; nothing else is superior to it. This has been declared after carefully observing all principles of natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this, it

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, every

• अतिदेशेन (atideśena) - by instruction, by direction, by extension

• सृष्टं (sṛṣṭaṁ) - created, ordained, taught, prescribed

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• कर्तव्यं (kartavyaṁ) - to be done, duty, what ought to be done

• पुरुषेण (puruṣeṇa) - by a person, by a human being (puruṣa)

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• एतत् (etat) - this, it

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - beneficial, good, superior, excellent

• न (na) - not, no

• अन्यत् (anyat) - other, another

• अस्मात् (asmāt) - than this, from this

• विशिष्टं (viśiṣṭaṁ) - superior, excellent, distinguished

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, whole, every

• धर्मान् (dharmān) - natural laws (dharma), duties, virtues, principles

• अनुसृत्य (anusṛtya) - having followed, having pursued, having observed

• एतत् (etat) - this, it

• उक्तम् (uktam) - said, stated, declared

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that, such

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

अतिदेशेन (atideśena) - by instruction, by direction, by extension

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of atideśa

atideśa - instruction, direction, injunction, extension of a rule

from ati-diś (to point out, instruct)

Prefix: ati

Root: diś (class 6)

सृष्टं (sṛṣṭaṁ) - created, ordained, taught, prescribed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sṛṣṭa

sṛṣṭa - created, formed, produced, ordained, prescribed

Past Passive Participle

from root sṛj (to create, emit)

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Agrees with `etat sarvam`.

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

कर्तव्यं (kartavyaṁ) - to be done, duty, what ought to be done

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, fit to be done, duty, obligation

Gerundive

from root kṛ + tavya suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पुरुषेण (puruṣeṇa) - by a person, by a human being (puruṣa)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, spirit, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Agent of `kartavyam`.

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, common folk

एतत् (etat) - this, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that, such

Note: Refers to the collective duties/instructions mentioned.

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - beneficial, good, superior, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - better, best, superior, more excellent, beneficial, good

comparative of śrī (fortune, prosperity)

Note: Used as a predicate adjective here, implying "is beneficial" or "is superior".

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अन्यत् (anyat) - other, another

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

अस्मात् (asmāt) - than this, from this

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of idám

idám - this, this here

Note: Used with comparative sense "than this".

विशिष्टं (viśiṣṭaṁ) - superior, excellent, distinguished

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viśiṣṭa

viśiṣṭa - distinguished, peculiar, characteristic, excellent, superior

Past Passive Participle

from vi-śiṣ (to distinguish)

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Agrees with `anyat`.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, whole, every

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Agrees with `dharmān`.

धर्मान् (dharmān) - natural laws (dharma), duties, virtues, principles

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom (dharma)

from root dhṛ

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अनुसृत्य (anusṛtya) - having followed, having pursued, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

from anu-sṛ (to follow) + lyap suffix

Prefix: anu

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Absolutive form.

एतत् (etat) - this, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that, such

Note: Refers to the statement itself.

उक्तम् (uktam) - said, stated, declared

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, stated, declared

Past Passive Participle

from root vac (to speak, say); irreg. participle

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `etat`.