महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-109, verse-20

विद्यां श्रुत्वा ये गुरुं नाद्रियन्ते प्रत्यासन्नं मनसा कर्मणा वा ।
यथैव ते गुरुभिर्भावनीयास्तथा तेषां गुरवोऽप्यर्चनीयाः ॥२०॥

20. vidyāṁ śrutvā ye guruṁ nādriyante; pratyāsannaṁ manasā karmaṇā vā ,
yathaiva te gurubhirbhāvanīyā;stathā teṣāṁ guravo'pyarcanīyāḥ.

20. vidyām śrutvā ye gurum na ādriyante
pratyāsannam manasā karmaṇā vā
| yathā eva te gurubhiḥ bhāvanīyāḥ
tathā teṣām guravaḥ api arcanīyāḥ

20. ye vidyām śrutvā pratyāsannam gurum
manasā karmaṇā vā na ādriyante
yathā eva te gurubhiḥ bhāvanīyāḥ
tathā api teṣām guravaḥ arcanīyāḥ

20. Those who, having acquired knowledge, do not respect their teacher (guru)—who is always present—whether in thought or in deed, then just as they themselves are to be regarded (with affection) by their teachers, so also should their teachers (gurus) be honored by them.

Words meanings summery:

• विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge, learning

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, having learned, having studied

• ये (ye) - those who, who

• गुरुम् (gurum) - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide (guru)

• न (na) - not, no

• आद्रियन्ते (ādriyante) - they honor, they respect, they regard

• प्रत्यासन्नम् (pratyāsannam) - modifies the teacher, indicating their constant presence or accessibility (near, present, closely connected, imminent)

• मनसा (manasā) - by mind, with the mind

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action, by deed (karma)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, very, just

• ते (te) - referring to the students (they)

• गुरुभिः (gurubhiḥ) - by teachers, by preceptors (gurus)

• भावनीयाः (bhāvanīyāḥ) - to be treated with affection or consideration (to be esteemed, to be regarded, to be cherished, to be considered)

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that way

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - referring to the students (of them, their)

• गुरवः (guravaḥ) - teachers, preceptors (gurus)

• अपि (api) - also, even

• अर्चनीयाः (arcanīyāḥ) - to be honored, to be worshipped, to be revered

Words meanings and morphology

विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge, learning

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, having learned, having studied

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root √śru (to hear, listen, learn) with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

ये (ye) - those who, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

गुरुम् (gurum) - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide (guru)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - heavy, weighty, respectable, teacher, preceptor (guru)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आद्रियन्ते (ādriyante) - they honor, they respect, they regard

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of √dṛ

Prefix: ā

Root: dṛ (class 10)

प्रत्यासन्नम् (pratyāsannam) - modifies the teacher, indicating their constant presence or accessibility (near, present, closely connected, imminent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pratyāsanna

pratyāsanna - near, present, imminent, closely connected

Past Passive Participle

From prati-ā-√as (to approach, be near).

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'gurum'.

मनसा (manasā) - by mind, with the mind

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action, by deed (karma)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, ritual, fate (karma)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, very, just

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - referring to the students (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

गुरुभिः (gurubhiḥ) - by teachers, by preceptors (gurus)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of guru

guru - heavy, weighty, respectable, teacher, preceptor (guru)

भावनीयाः (bhāvanīyāḥ) - to be treated with affection or consideration (to be esteemed, to be regarded, to be cherished, to be considered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhāvanīya

bhāvanīya - to be brought into existence, to be imagined, to be regarded, to be cherished

Gerundive/Potential Passive Participle

From causative of √bhū (to be) + suffix -anīya.

Root: bhū (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that way

(indeclinable)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - referring to the students (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

गुरवः (guravaḥ) - teachers, preceptors (gurus)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guru

guru - heavy, weighty, respectable, teacher, preceptor (guru)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

अर्चनीयाः (arcanīyāḥ) - to be honored, to be worshipped, to be revered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of arcanīya

arcanīya - to be worshipped, to be honored, worthy of respect

Gerundive/Potential Passive Participle

From root √arc (to worship, honor) with suffix -anīya.

Root: arc (class 1)