महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-109, verse-18

अवध्या हि सदा माता पिता चाप्यपकारिणौ ।
न संदुष्यति तत्कृत्वा न च ते दूषयन्ति तम् ।
धर्माय यतमानानां विदुर्देवाः सहर्षिभिः ॥१८॥

18. avadhyā hi sadā mātā pitā cāpyapakāriṇau ,
na saṁduṣyati tatkṛtvā na ca te dūṣayanti tam ,
dharmāya yatamānānāṁ vidurdevāḥ saharṣibhiḥ.

18. avadhyā hi sadā mātā pitā ca api
apakāriṇau | na saṃduṣyati tat kṛtvā
na ca te dūṣayanti tam | dharmāya
yatamānānām viduḥ devāḥ saharṣibhiḥ

18. hi mātā pitā ca api apakāriṇau sadā
avadhyā tat kṛtvā na saṃduṣyati
ca te tam na dūṣayanti dharmāya
yatamānānām devāḥ saharṣibhiḥ viduḥ

18. A mother is always inviolable, and so is a father, even if they are harmful. One does not become corrupted by upholding this principle, nor do they (the parents) corrupt that person (who upholds it). The gods, along with the sages, understand those who strive for their intrinsic nature (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• अवध्या (avadhyā) - inviolable, not to be killed, not to be harmed

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because, for

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• माता (mātā) - mother

• पिता (pitā) - father

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• अपकारिणौ (apakāriṇau) - referring to the mother and father as a pair (two harmful ones, two who do injury)

• न (na) - not, no

• संदुष्यति (saṁduṣyati) - becomes corrupted, is defiled, becomes spoiled

• तत् (tat) - refers to the action of not harming parents (that, by that)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, by doing

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• ते (te) - referring to the mother and father (they)

• दूषयन्ति (dūṣayanti) - they corrupt, they defile, they spoil

• तम् (tam) - referring to the person (child/disciple) (him, that)

• धर्माय (dharmāya) - for (their) natural law, for righteousness, for one's intrinsic nature, for one's duty

• यतमानानाम् (yatamānānām) - of those who are striving, of those who are making an effort

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

• सहर्षिभिः (saharṣibhiḥ) - by/with the sages, together with the seers

Words meanings and morphology

अवध्या (avadhyā) - inviolable, not to be killed, not to be harmed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of avadhya

avadhya - not to be killed, inviolable, harmless

Gerundive/Potential Passive Participle

From root √vadh (to strike, kill) with suffix -ya (potential passive participle) and a- (negative prefix).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vadhya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vadhya – to be killed, to be struck
  adjective
  Gerundive/Potential Passive Participle
  From root √vadh (to kill) with suffix -ya.
  Root: vadh (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because, for

(indeclinable)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

माता (mātā) - mother

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

अपकारिणौ (apakāriṇau) - referring to the mother and father as a pair (two harmful ones, two who do injury)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of apakārin

apakārin - harmful, injurious, one who does wrong

From apa-√kṛ (to harm, injure) + suffix -in (agent noun).

Prefix: apa

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Dual form because it refers to both mother and father.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

संदुष्यति (saṁduṣyati) - becomes corrupted, is defiled, becomes spoiled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of √duṣ

Prefix: sam

Root: duṣ (class 4)

तत् (tat) - refers to the action of not harming parents (that, by that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, by doing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root √kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - referring to the mother and father (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers to mātā pitā as a dual unit.

दूषयन्ति (dūṣayanti) - they corrupt, they defile, they spoil

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of √duṣ

Causative form of √duṣ

Causative stem dūṣaya- from root √duṣ (to be corrupt).

Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Used in a causative sense: 'cause to be corrupt' or 'corrupt'.

तम् (tam) - referring to the person (child/disciple) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

धर्माय (dharmāya) - for (their) natural law, for righteousness, for one's intrinsic nature, for one's duty

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, religious merit (dharma)

यतमानानाम् (yatamānānām) - of those who are striving, of those who are making an effort

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yatamāna

yatamāna - striving, making an effort, endeavoring

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root √yat (to strive, endeavor) with śānac suffix.

Root: yat (class 1)

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of √vid

Root: vid (class 2)

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

सहर्षिभिः (saharṣibhiḥ) - by/with the sages, together with the seers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of saharṣi

saharṣi - together with sages

Compound type : avyayībhāva (saha+ṛṣi)

• saha – with, together
  indeclinable
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)