महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-109, verse-10

नैतानतिशयेज्जातु नात्यश्नीयान्न दूषयेत् ।
नित्यं परिचरेच्चैव तद्वै सुकृतमुत्तमम् ।
कीर्तिं पुण्यं यशो लोकान्प्राप्स्यसे च जनाधिप ॥१०॥

10. naitānatiśayejjātu nātyaśnīyānna dūṣayet ,
nityaṁ paricareccaiva tadvai sukṛtamuttamam ,
kīrtiṁ puṇyaṁ yaśo lokānprāpsyase ca janādhipa.

10. na etān atiśayet jātu na atyaśnīyāt
na dūṣayet nityam paricaret ca eva
tat vai sukṛtam uttamam kīrtim puṇyam
yaśaḥ lokān prāpsyase ca janādhipa

10. janādhipa etān jātu na atiśayet na
atyaśnīyāt na dūṣayet ca eva nityam
paricaret tat vai uttamam sukṛtam
ca kīrtim puṇyam yaśaḥ lokān prāpsyase

10. One should never surpass them, nor overeat, nor defile them. One should always serve them. That, indeed, is the highest virtue. And, O ruler of people, you will attain fame, merit (puṇya), glory, and (favorable) worlds.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• एतान् (etān) - them (referring to the three elders/gurus mentioned in preceding verses) (these (masculine/plural/accusative))

• अतिशयेत् (atiśayet) - one should exceed/go beyond (their importance/respect) (one should surpass, one should exceed)

• जातु (jātu) - never (ever, at any time, never (when combined with na))

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• अत्यश्नीयात् (atyaśnīyāt) - one should overeat, one should eat excessively

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• दूषयेत् (dūṣayet) - one should not defile (their reputation or respect, or their portion of food/offerings) (one should defile, one should corrupt, one should spoil, one should criticize)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• परिचरेत् (paricaret) - one should serve, one should attend, one should honor

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, certainly

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the act of serving) (that, this)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

• सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - good deed, virtue, meritorious act

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - best, highest, excellent, supreme

• कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - fame, glory, renown

• पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - merit, virtue, religious or moral excellence

• यशः (yaśaḥ) - glory, fame, reputation

• लोकान् (lokān) - favorable worlds (after death) (worlds, regions, people)

• प्राप्स्यसे (prāpsyase) - you will attain, you will obtain

• च (ca) - and, also

• जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O ruler of people, O king

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

एतान् (etān) - them (referring to the three elders/gurus mentioned in preceding verses) (these (masculine/plural/accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, that

अतिशयेत् (atiśayet) - one should exceed/go beyond (their importance/respect) (one should surpass, one should exceed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of ati-śī

optative mood, 3rd person singular

From root śī (to lie down, to rest) with prefix ati (over, beyond). Used here metaphorically.

Prefix: ati

Root: śī (class 2)

जातु (jātu) - never (ever, at any time, never (when combined with na))

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

अत्यश्नीयात् (atyaśnīyāt) - one should overeat, one should eat excessively

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of ati-aś

optative mood, 3rd person singular

From root 'aś' (to eat) with prefix 'ati' (over, excessively).

Prefix: ati

Root: aś (class 9)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

दूषयेत् (dūṣayet) - one should not defile (their reputation or respect, or their portion of food/offerings) (one should defile, one should corrupt, one should spoil, one should criticize)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dūṣ

optative mood, 3rd person singular

From root 'dūṣ' (to pollute, to spoil).

Root: dūṣ (class 10)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

परिचरेत् (paricaret) - one should serve, one should attend, one should honor

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pari-car

optative mood, 3rd person singular

From root 'car' (to move, to go) with prefix 'pari' (around, completely).

Prefix: pari

Root: car (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the act of serving) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

(indeclinable)

सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - good deed, virtue, meritorious act

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukṛta

sukṛta - well-done, good deed, virtuous act, merit

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from 'su' (good) and 'kṛta' (done, made).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+kṛta)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, to make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tat'.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - best, highest, excellent, supreme

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, supreme, excellent, principal

Superlative of 'ud' (up) or related to 'ut-tam'.

कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - fame, glory, renown

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kīrti

kīrti - fame, glory, renown, report, mention

From root 'kṛt' (to tell, to mention).

Root: kṛt

Note: Object of 'prāpsyase'.

पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - merit, virtue, religious or moral excellence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of puṇya

puṇya - virtuous, meritorious, good, sacred; merit, virtue (puṇya)

Note: Object of 'prāpsyase'.

यशः (yaśaḥ) - glory, fame, reputation

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - glory, fame, reputation, honor, beauty

Note: Object of 'prāpsyase'.

लोकान् (lokān) - favorable worlds (after death) (worlds, regions, people)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, region, people, folk, space, realm

Note: Object of 'prāpsyase'.

प्राप्स्यसे (prāpsyase) - you will attain, you will obtain

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of pra-āp

future tense, 2nd person singular

From root 'āp' (to obtain, to reach) with prefix 'pra' (forth, forward). Takes middle voice endings in future.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O ruler of people, O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of men, king, ruler of people

Compound 'jana' (people) + 'adhipa' (ruler).

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+adhipa)

• jana – person, people, man, creature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)