महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-109, verse-16

पितॄन्दश तु मातैका सर्वां वा पृथिवीमपि ।
गुरुत्वेनाभिभवति नास्ति मातृसमो गुरुः ।
गुरुर्गरीयान्पितृतो मातृतश्चेति मे मतिः ॥१६॥

16. pitṝndaśa tu mātaikā sarvāṁ vā pṛthivīmapi ,
gurutvenābhibhavati nāsti mātṛsamo guruḥ ,
gururgarīyānpitṛto mātṛtaśceti me matiḥ.

16. pitṝn daśa tu mātā ekā sarvām vā
pṛthivīm api | gurutvena abhibhavati
na asti mātṛsamaḥ guruḥ | guruḥ
garīyān pitṛtaḥ mātṛtaḥ ca iti me matiḥ

16. tu ekā mātā daśa pitṝn vā api sarvām
pṛthivīm gurutvena abhibhavati
mātṛsamaḥ guruḥ na asti iti me matiḥ:
guruḥ pitṛtaḥ ca mātṛtaḥ garīyān (asti)

16. However, one mother surpasses ten fathers, or even the entire earth, in terms of weightiness (gurutva). There is no preceptor (guru) equal to a mother. My conviction (mati) is that a preceptor is greater than a father and also than a mother.

Words meanings summery:

• पितॄन् (pitṝn) - fathers

• दश (daśa) - ten

• तु (tu) - but, and, on the other hand

• माता (mātā) - mother

• एका (ekā) - Emphasizes that even one mother has this superiority. (one, a single)

• सर्वाम् (sarvām) - all, whole, entire

• वा (vā) - or, either

• पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - earth

• अपि (api) - Emphasizes the extent of the mother's superiority. (even, also, too)

• गुरुत्वेन (gurutvena) - by greatness, by weight, in importance, in venerability

• अभिभवति (abhibhavati) - surpasses, overcomes, excels

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• मातृसमः (mātṛsamaḥ) - equal to mother

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - In the first instance, generally a revered person, emphasizing mother's unique position. In the second, likely referring to a spiritual teacher. (preceptor, teacher, revered person, important person)

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - Referring to a spiritual teacher. (preceptor, teacher, spiritual guide, respected person, important person)

• गरीयान् (garīyān) - heavier, more important, greater, more venerable

• पितृतः (pitṛtaḥ) - than a father, from a father

• मातृतः (mātṛtaḥ) - than a mother, from a mother

• च (ca) - and

• इति (iti) - Marks the preceding statement as an opinion. (thus, so, (quotation marker))

• मे (me) - 'my opinion' (my, to me, for me)

• मतिः (matiḥ) - opinion, thought, understanding, conviction

Words meanings and morphology

पितॄन् (pitṝn) - fathers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Object of 'abhibhavati'.

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

Note: Often appears as the first member of a compound or as an uninflected numeral.

तु (tu) - but, and, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunctive or adversative particle.

माता (mātā) - mother

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Note: Subject of 'abhibhavati'.

एका (ekā) - Emphasizes that even one mother has this superiority. (one, a single)

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'mātā'.

सर्वाम् (sarvām) - all, whole, entire

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with 'pṛthivīm'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'ten fathers' with 'the whole earth'.

पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, the earth goddess

Note: Object of 'abhibhavati'.

अपि (api) - Emphasizes the extent of the mother's superiority. (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

गुरुत्वेन (gurutvena) - by greatness, by weight, in importance, in venerability

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of gurutva

gurutva - greatness, weight, importance, venerableness

Derived from guru (heavy, great) with suffix -tva.

Note: Indicates the means or respect in which the superiority is measured.

अभिभवति (abhibhavati) - surpasses, overcomes, excels

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of abhibhū

Present Active Indicative

Root bhū (class 1) with prefix abhi.

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhū (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active Indicative

Root as (class 2), third person singular present.

Root: as (class 2)

मातृसमः (mātṛsamaḥ) - equal to mother

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mātṛsama

mātṛsama - equal to a mother

Compound of mātṛ (mother) and sama (equal).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mātṛ+sama)

• mātṛ – mother
  noun (feminine)
• sama – equal, like, same
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'guruḥ'.

गुरुः (guruḥ) - In the first instance, generally a revered person, emphasizing mother's unique position. In the second, likely referring to a spiritual teacher. (preceptor, teacher, revered person, important person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - preceptor, teacher, spiritual guide, respected person, heavy, weighty, important

Note: Subject of 'asti' and 'garīyān'.

गुरुः (guruḥ) - Referring to a spiritual teacher. (preceptor, teacher, spiritual guide, respected person, important person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - preceptor, teacher, spiritual guide, respected person, heavy, weighty, important

Note: Subject of 'garīyān'.

गरीयान् (garīyān) - heavier, more important, greater, more venerable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of garīyas

garīyas - heavier, more important, more venerable (comparative degree of guru)

Comparative degree of 'guru'.

Note: Predicative adjective for 'guruḥ'.

पितृतः (pitṛtaḥ) - than a father, from a father

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Ablative case formed with the suffix -taḥ, signifying 'from' or 'than' in comparison.

Note: Indicates comparison with a father.

मातृतः (mātṛtaḥ) - than a mother, from a mother

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Ablative case formed with the suffix -taḥ, signifying 'from' or 'than' in comparison.

Note: Indicates comparison with a mother.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two ablative phrases.

इति (iti) - Marks the preceding statement as an opinion. (thus, so, (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - 'my opinion' (my, to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Genitive form used possessively.

मतिः (matiḥ) - opinion, thought, understanding, conviction

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - mind, thought, opinion, intelligence, conviction

From root man (to think) + suffix -ti.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of an implied 'asti'.