महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-17, verse-25

कथं तु शतधा नेदं हृदयं मम दीर्यते ।
पश्यन्त्या निहतं पुत्रं पुत्रेण सहितं रणे ॥२५॥

25. kathaṁ tu śatadhā nedaṁ hṛdayaṁ mama dīryate ,
paśyantyā nihataṁ putraṁ putreṇa sahitaṁ raṇe.

25. katham tu śatadhā na idam hṛdayam mama dīryate
paśyantyā nihatam putram putreṇa sahitam raṇe

25. tu katham mama hṛdayam śatadhā na dīryate,
rane putreṇa sahitam nihatam putram paśyantyā

25. But why does not my heart burst into a hundred pieces, as I (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) see my son (Duryodhana) slain in battle, along with his own son (Lakṣmaṇa)?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - why (how, why)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• शतधा (śatadhā) - into a hundred pieces (into a hundred parts, a hundredfold)

• न (na) - not, no

• इदम् (idam) - this (heart) (this)

• हृदयम् (hṛdayam) - heart (heart, mind)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• दीर्यते (dīryate) - is torn apart, bursts (is torn, bursts, splits)

• पश्यन्त्या (paśyantyā) - by me, as I see (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's internal perception/lamentation) (by one seeing, while seeing (feminine))

• निहतम् (nihatam) - slain (slain, killed, struck down)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - my son (Duryodhana) (son)

• पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - with his son (Lakṣmaṇa) (by a son, with a son)

• सहितम् (sahitam) - accompanied by (accompanied by, together with)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - why (how, why)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

शतधा (śatadhā) - into a hundred pieces (into a hundred parts, a hundredfold)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -dhā meaning 'into parts' added to śata (hundred)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this (heart) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (demonstrative pronoun)

हृदयम् (hṛdayam) - heart (heart, mind)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hṛdaya

hṛdaya - heart, mind, core

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me (first person pronoun)

दीर्यते (dīryate) - is torn apart, bursts (is torn, bursts, splits)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛ

Passive form of root dṛ

Root: dṛ (class 9)

पश्यन्त्या (paśyantyā) - by me, as I see (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's internal perception/lamentation) (by one seeing, while seeing (feminine))

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of paśyat

dṛś - to see

Present Active Participle

Present participle of root dṛś (to see), stem paśyat

Root: dṛś (class 1)

निहतम् (nihatam) - slain (slain, killed, struck down)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, struck down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

पुत्रम् (putram) - my son (Duryodhana) (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - with his son (Lakṣmaṇa) (by a son, with a son)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

सहितम् (sahitam) - accompanied by (accompanied by, together with)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied by, together with, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dhā (to place) with prefix sa (together)

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat