महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-17, verse-17

एष दुर्योधनः शेते महेष्वासो महारथः ।
शार्दूल इव सिंहेन भीमसेनेन पातितः ॥१७॥

17. eṣa duryodhanaḥ śete maheṣvāso mahārathaḥ ,
śārdūla iva siṁhena bhīmasenena pātitaḥ.

17. eṣa duryodhanaḥ śete maheṣvāsaḥ mahārathaḥ
śārdūlaḥ iva siṃhena bhīmasenena pātitaḥ

17. eṣa duryodhanaḥ maheṣvāsaḥ mahārathaḥ
śārdūlaḥ iva siṃhena bhīmasenena pātitaḥ śete

17. This Duryodhana, a great archer and a great warrior, lies here, struck down by Bhīmasena, just as a tiger is felled by a lion.

Words meanings summery:

• एष (eṣa) - Refers to Duryodhana. (this, this one)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - The eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and antagonist of the Pāṇḍavas. (Duryodhana)

• शेते (śete) - lies prostrate (on the ground, defeated) (lies, rests, sleeps)

• महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - great archer, having a great bow

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - a great warrior, one who fights from a great chariot

• शार्दूलः (śārdūlaḥ) - Duryodhana is compared to a tiger. (tiger, a predatory beast)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• सिंहेन (siṁhena) - Bhīmasena is compared to a lion. (by a lion)

• भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - By Bhīma, the second of the Pāṇḍava brothers, renowned for his strength. (by Bhīmasena)

• पातितः (pātitaḥ) - struck down, felled, caused to fall

Words meanings and morphology

एष (eṣa) - Refers to Duryodhana. (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - The eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and antagonist of the Pāṇḍavas. (Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper noun); difficult to fight or conquer

Prefix: dur

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

शेते (śete) - lies prostrate (on the ground, defeated) (lies, rests, sleeps)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Present Middle Indicative

From root śī (to lie, to sleep), 2nd class (Adādi), present 3rd person singular middle voice

Root: śī (class 2)

महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - great archer, having a great bow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - having a great bow; a great archer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• iṣvāsa – bow (of an archer)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with duryodhanaḥ.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - a great warrior, one who fights from a great chariot

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, a hero who can fight alone against many

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with duryodhanaḥ.

शार्दूलः (śārdūlaḥ) - Duryodhana is compared to a tiger. (tiger, a predatory beast)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śārdūla

śārdūla - tiger; a fierce person

Note: Part of the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

सिंहेन (siṁhena) - Bhīmasena is compared to a lion. (by a lion)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of siṃha

siṁha - lion; a brave or powerful man

Note: Used in comparison, implies action by Bhīmasena.

भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - By Bhīma, the second of the Pāṇḍava brothers, renowned for his strength. (by Bhīmasena)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (proper noun); having a terrible army

Note: Agent of pātitaḥ.

पातितः (pātitaḥ) - struck down, felled, caused to fall

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pātita

pātita - felled, caused to fall, struck down

Causative Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pat (to fall) in causative sense (pāt-aya-) with kta suffix

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with duryodhanaḥ.