महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-17, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततो दुर्योधनं दृष्ट्वा गान्धारी शोककर्शिता ।
सहसा न्यपतद्भूमौ छिन्नेव कदली वने ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tato duryodhanaṁ dṛṣṭvā gāndhārī śokakarśitā ,
sahasā nyapatadbhūmau chinneva kadalī vane.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tataḥ duryodhanam dṛṣṭvā gāndhārī
śokakarśitā sahasā nyapatat bhūmau chinnā iva kadalī vane

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca: tataḥ śokakarśitā gāndhārī duryodhanam dṛṣṭvā,
vane chinnā kadalī iva,
sahasā bhūmau nyapatat.

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then Gāndhārī, weakened by grief, upon seeing Duryodhana, suddenly collapsed to the ground, like a plantain tree felled in a forest.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahabharata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (name of a Kuru prince)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gāndhārī (name of the queen of Dhritarashtra)

• शोककर्शिता (śokakarśitā) - emaciated by grief, weakened by sorrow

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, abruptly, by force

• न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - she fell down, he fell down

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• छिन्ना (chinnā) - cut, severed, felled

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• कदली (kadalī) - plantain tree, banana tree

• वने (vane) - in a forest, in a grove

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahabharata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Reduplicated Perfect (lit)

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (name of a Kuru prince)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root dṛś with suffix tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gāndhārī (name of the queen of Dhritarashtra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gāndhārī

Note: Subject of nyapatat.

शोककर्शिता (śokakarśitā) - emaciated by grief, weakened by sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śokakarśita

śokakarśita - emaciated by grief, weakened by sorrow

Past Passive Participle

Tatpuruṣa compound: śoka (grief) + karśita (emaciated)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+karśita)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• karśita – emaciated, weakened, afflicted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kṛś
  Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with gāndhārī.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, abruptly, by force

(indeclinable)

instrumental form of sahasa used as adverb

न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - she fell down, he fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of nipat

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

छिन्ना (chinnā) - cut, severed, felled

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of chinna

chinna - cut, severed, felled, broken

Past Passive Participle

from root chid

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Agrees with implied kadalī.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

कदली (kadalī) - plantain tree, banana tree

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kadalī

kadalī - plantain tree, banana tree

Note: Implied subject of the comparison.

वने (vane) - in a forest, in a grove

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, grove, wood