महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-17, verse-10

योऽयं मूर्धावसिक्तानामग्रे याति परंतपः ।
सोऽयं पांसुषु शेतेऽद्य पश्य कालस्य पर्ययम् ॥१०॥

10. yo'yaṁ mūrdhāvasiktānāmagre yāti paraṁtapaḥ ,
so'yaṁ pāṁsuṣu śete'dya paśya kālasya paryayam.

10. yaḥ ayam mūrdhāvasiktānām agre yāti paraṁtapaḥ
saḥ ayam pāṁsuṣu śete adya paśya kālasya paryayam

10. yaḥ ayam mūrdhāvasiktānām agre yāti paraṁtapaḥ
saḥ ayam adya pāṁsuṣu śete kālasya paryayam paśya

10. This very tormentor of foes, who used to walk at the forefront of consecrated kings, now today lies in the dust. Behold the relentless change (paryaya) brought about by time.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, that

• अयम् (ayam) - this, he

• मूर्धावसिक्तानाम् (mūrdhāvasiktānām) - of anointed royalty (of those whose heads have been sprinkled, of consecrated ones, of kings/princes)

• अग्रे (agre) - in front, at the head, first, before

• याति (yāti) - he goes, he moves, he proceeds, he leads

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अयम् (ayam) - this, he

• पांसुषु (pāṁsuṣu) - in the dust, on the dusty ground

• शेते (śete) - he lies, he sleeps, he rests

• अद्य (adya) - today, now, at present

• पश्य (paśya) - see, behold, look

• कालस्य (kālasya) - of time, of destiny

• पर्ययम् (paryayam) - change, reversal, turn, course, consequence, end

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

अयम् (ayam) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

मूर्धावसिक्तानाम् (mūrdhāvasiktānām) - of anointed royalty (of those whose heads have been sprinkled, of consecrated ones, of kings/princes)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mūrdhāvasikta

mūrdhāvasikta - one whose head has been sprinkled (as part of a consecration ceremony for kings or princes), anointed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mūrdhan+avasikta)

• mūrdhan – head, top, summit
  noun (masculine)
• avasikta – sprinkled, consecrated, anointed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'sic' (to sprinkle) with prefix 'ava'.
  Prefix: ava
  Root: sic (class 6)

अग्रे (agre) - in front, at the head, first, before

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an adverb or locative of a noun.

याति (yāti) - he goes, he moves, he proceeds, he leads

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṁtapa

paraṁtapa - one who afflicts enemies, tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

Compound type : tatpurusha (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, superior
  adjective (masculine)
• tapa – burning, afflicting, heat
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'tap' (to heat, burn, afflict).
  Root: tap (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

अयम् (ayam) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

पांसुषु (pāṁsuṣu) - in the dust, on the dusty ground

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of pāṁsu

pāṁsu - dust, sand, dirt

शेते (śete) - he lies, he sleeps, he rests

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Root: śī (class 2)

अद्य (adya) - today, now, at present

(indeclinable)

पश्य (paśya) - see, behold, look

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Root 'dṛś' takes 'paśya' stem in present and imperative forms.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कालस्य (kālasya) - of time, of destiny

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, destiny, fate

पर्ययम् (paryayam) - change, reversal, turn, course, consequence, end

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paryaya

paryaya - change, reversal, turn, succession, course, end