महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-211, verse-4

वादित्राणि च तत्र स्म वादकाः समवादयन् ।
ननृतुर्नर्तकाश्चैव जगुर्गानानि गायनाः ॥४॥

4. vāditrāṇi ca tatra sma vādakāḥ samavādayan ,
nanṛturnartakāścaiva jagurgānāni gāyanāḥ.

4. vāditrāṇi ca tatra sma vādakāḥ samavādayan
nanṛtuḥ nartakāḥ ca eva jaguḥ gānāni gāyanāḥ

4. And there, musicians played musical instruments, dancers danced, and singers sang songs.

Words meanings summery:

• वादित्राणि (vāditrāṇi) - musical instruments

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that place, then)

• स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past action) ((particle indicating past action with present tense), indeed, verily)

• वादकाः (vādakāḥ) - musicians (players, musicians)

• समवादयन् (samavādayan) - they played (instruments) (they played, they caused to sound)

• ननृतुः (nanṛtuḥ) - they danced

• नर्तकाः (nartakāḥ) - dancers (dancers, actors)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just, certainly)

• जगुः (jaguḥ) - they sang

• गानानि (gānāni) - songs (songs, chants)

• गायनाः (gāyanāḥ) - singers (singers, chanters)

Words meanings and morphology

वादित्राणि (vāditrāṇi) - musical instruments

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vāditra

vāditra - musical instrument, means of playing music

kṛt suffix -tra

Derived from root √vad (to speak, sound) with suffix -itra

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Object of `samavādayan`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that place, then)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal base tad- + suffix -tra

स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past action) ((particle indicating past action with present tense), indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here used with `samavādayan` (imperfect) to emphasize past action.

वादकाः (vādakāḥ) - musicians (players, musicians)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vādaka

vādaka - player of a musical instrument, musician, speaker

kṛt suffix -aka

Derived from root √vad (to speak, sound) with suffix -aka

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Subject of `samavādayan`.

समवादयन् (samavādayan) - they played (instruments) (they played, they caused to sound)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vad

causative

Causative of root √vad; imperfect 3rd plural

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Root √vad with upasargas sam-ava, causative form.

ननृतुः (nanṛtuḥ) - they danced

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of nṛt

Perfect 3rd plural of root √nṛt

Root: nṛt (class 4)

Note: Root √nṛt, perfect 3rd plural.

नर्तकाः (nartakāḥ) - dancers (dancers, actors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nartaka

nartaka - dancer, actor, mime

kṛt suffix -aka

Derived from root √nṛt (to dance) with suffix -aka

Root: nṛt (class 4)

Note: Subject of `nanṛtuḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

जगुः (jaguḥ) - they sang

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of gai

Perfect 3rd plural of root √gai

Root: gai (class 1)

Note: Root √gai, perfect 3rd plural.

गानानि (gānāni) - songs (songs, chants)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of gāna

gāna - song, singing, chant

kṛt suffix -ana

Derived from root √gai (to sing) with suffix -ana

Root: gai (class 1)

Note: Object of `jaguḥ`.

गायनाः (gāyanāḥ) - singers (singers, chanters)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gāyana

gāyana - singer, chanter

kṛt suffix -ana

Derived from root √gai (to sing) with suffix -ana (agentive sense)

Root: gai (class 1)

Note: Subject of `jaguḥ`.