महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-154, verse-23

द्रोण उवाच ।
प्रार्थयामि त्वया सख्यं पुनरेव नराधिप ।
अराजा किल नो राज्ञः सखा भवितुमर्हति ॥२३॥

23. droṇa uvāca ,
prārthayāmi tvayā sakhyaṁ punareva narādhipa ,
arājā kila no rājñaḥ sakhā bhavitumarhati.

23. droṇaḥ uvāca prārthayāmi tvayā sakhyam punaḥ eva
narādhipa arājā kila naḥ rājñaḥ sakhā bhavitum arhati

23. Droṇa said: 'O King, I desire friendship with you once again. Indeed, a non-king is not fit to be the friend of a king.'

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Dronacharya. (Droṇa)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

• प्रार्थयामि (prārthayāmi) - I request, I desire

• त्वया (tvayā) - with you, by you

• सख्यम् (sakhyam) - friendship

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - Addressing Drupada. (O king, O lord of men)

• अराजा (arājā) - Refers to Droṇa himself, who has now stripped Drupada of his kingdom. (a non-king, one who is not a king)

• किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, they say

• नः (naḥ) - not

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of a king

• सखा (sakhā) - a friend

• भवितुम् (bhavitum) - to be, in order to be

• अर्हति (arhati) - is fit, is able, deserves

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Dronacharya. (Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (a proper name), a measure of grain, a kind of vessel

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, active voice

Irregular perfect form of root √vac (2nd class).

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रार्थयामि (prārthayāmi) - I request, I desire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arth

Present tense, active voice

Derived from noun 'artha' (desire) or from causative of √ṛ (to go), used with upasarga 'pra'. Denominative stem 'arthaya'.

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 10)

त्वया (tvayā) - with you, by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

Note: Used with 'sakhyam' to mean 'friendship with you'.

सख्यम् (sakhyam) - friendship

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sakhya

sakhya - friendship, companionship

Derived from 'sakhi' (friend).

Note: Object of 'prārthayāmi'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

An emphatic particle.

नराधिप (narādhipa) - Addressing Drupada. (O king, O lord of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, lord of men, sovereign

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, king
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √pā (to protect) with 'adhi'.
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

अराजा (arājā) - Refers to Droṇa himself, who has now stripped Drupada of his kingdom. (a non-king, one who is not a king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arājan

arājan - not a king, kingless, a subject

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+rājan)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, they say

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or reportive particle.

नः (naḥ) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle. Appears as 'no' due to external sandhi with following 'rājñaḥ'.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of a king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

सखा (sakhā) - a friend

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion, ally

Root 'sac'.

Root: sac (class 1)

भवितुम् (bhavitum) - to be, in order to be

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from root √bhū (1st class) with suffix 'tum'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

अर्हति (arhati) - is fit, is able, deserves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present tense, active voice

Derived from root √arh (1st class).

Root: arh (class 1)