योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-48, verse-18

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रजोरहितसर्वाशं सत्त्वात्पारमुपागतम् ।
असंभवत्तमोरूपं प्रणमेत्तं नृभास्करम् ॥ १८ ॥

rajorahitasarvāśaṃ sattvātpāramupāgatam ,
asaṃbhavattamorūpaṃ praṇamettaṃ nṛbhāskaram 18

18. rajas-rahita-sarva-āśam sattvāt pāram upāgatam
asaṃbhavat tamas rūpam praṇamet tam nṛbhāskaram

18. rajas-rahita-sarva-āśam sattvāt pāram upāgatam
asaṃbhavat tamas rūpam tam nṛbhāskaram praṇamet

18. One should bow down to that human sun (nṛbhāskara) who is completely free from the quality of passion (rajas) in all his aspirations, who has transcended the quality of goodness (sattva), and in whom the nature of darkness (tamas) cannot possibly exist.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

रजस्-रहित-सर्व-आशम् (rajas-rahita-sarva-āśam) - whose every aspiration is devoid of `rajas` (passion)

सत्त्वात् (sattvāt) - from `sattva` (goodness)

पारम् (pāram) - beyond, the other side

उपागतम् (upāgatam) - reached, attained, approached

असंभवत् (asaṁbhavat) - in whom it is impossible to arise (not arising, impossible, not occurring)

तमस् (tamas) - darkness, ignorance, inertia

रूपम् (rūpam) - form, nature, appearance

प्रणमेत् (praṇamet) - one should bow down, should salute

तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine)

नृभास्करम् (nṛbhāskaram) - to the sun among men, to the human sun

Words meanings and morphology

रजस्-रहित-सर्व-आशम् (rajas-rahita-sarva-āśam) - whose every aspiration is devoid of `rajas` (passion)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rajas-rahita-sarva-āśā

rajas-rahita-sarva-āśā - one whose every aspiration is free from 'rajas'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rajas+rahita+sarva+āśā)

rajas – dust, impurity, quality of passion/activity (guṇa)
noun (neuter)
rahita – devoid of, free from, abandoned
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root 'rah' (to abandon)
Root: rah (class 1)
sarva – all, every, whole
adjective (masculine)
āśā – hope, desire, aspiration, direction
noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'tam nṛbhāskaram'.

सत्त्वात् (sattvāt) - from `sattva` (goodness)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - being, existence, reality, essence, spirit, goodness, purity (a guṇa)

Derived from root 'as' (to be) or 'san' (being)

पारम् (pāram) - beyond, the other side

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāra

pāra - the opposite bank, the other side, end, limit

Note: Used adverbially here, meaning 'beyond'.

उपागतम् (upāgatam) - reached, attained, approached

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upāgata

upāgata - approached, arrived, attained, reached

Past Passive Participle

From root 'gam' (to go) with prefixes 'upa' and 'ā'

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam nṛbhāskaram'.

असंभवत् (asaṁbhavat) - in whom it is impossible to arise (not arising, impossible, not occurring)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asaṃbhavat

asaṁbhavat - not arising, not possible, impossible, absent

Present Active Participle (negative)

From root 'bhū' (to be) with prefix 'sam' and negative prefix 'a'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+saṃbhavat)

a – not, un-
prefix
Negative prefix
saṃbhavat – arising, being possible
adjective (neuter)
Present Active Participle
From root 'bhū' (to be) with prefix 'sam'
Prefix: sam
Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam nṛbhāskaram', describing his nature.

तमस् (tamas) - darkness, ignorance, inertia

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, illusion, a quality (guṇa) associated with inertia and delusion

Note: Used here as part of a compound 'tamas-rūpam'.

रूपम् (rūpam) - form, nature, appearance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, appearance, nature, beauty

Note: Used in the compound 'tamas-rūpam' meaning 'the nature of darkness'.

प्रणमेत् (praṇamet) - one should bow down, should salute