योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-1, verse-5

इदं वस्त्विति संवेगमाहुः कल्पनमुत्तमाः ।
नभोर्थभावनं तस्य संकल्पत्याग उच्यते ॥ ५ ॥

idaṃ vastviti saṃvegamāhuḥ kalpanamuttamāḥ ,
nabhorthabhāvanaṃ tasya saṃkalpatyāga ucyate 5

5. idam vastu iti saṃvegam āhuḥ kalpanam uttamāḥ
nabhaḥ artha bhāvanam tasya saṅkalpa tyāgaḥ ucyate

5. uttamāḥ idam vastu iti saṃvegam eva kalpanam āhuḥ
tasya nabhaḥ artha bhāvanam saṅkalpa tyāgaḥ ucyate

5. The excellent ones (uttamāḥ) declare that the intense conviction, "This is a real object," is itself mental fabrication (kalpanā). The abandonment of conceptualization (saṅkalpa-tyāga) regarding that (conviction/kalpanā) is said to be the contemplation of its object as the void.

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - this

• वस्तु (vastu) - object (object, thing, substance, reality)

• इति (iti) - (marks quotation) (thus, so, in this way, indicating a quotation)

• संवेगम् (saṁvegam) - intense conviction (intense conviction, profound emotion, agitation, excitement)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they call)

• कल्पनम् (kalpanam) - mental fabrication (mental fabrication, imagination, creation)

• उत्तमाः (uttamāḥ) - the excellent ones (referring to knowledgeable persons) (excellent ones, best ones, highest)

• नभः (nabhaḥ) - void (sky, atmosphere, void, space)

• अर्थ (artha) - object, meaning (meaning, object, purpose, wealth)

• भावनम् (bhāvanam) - contemplation, making like (conception, contemplation, imagining, making like)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (conviction/kalpanā) (of that, his, its)

• सङ्कल्प (saṅkalpa) - conceptualization (resolve, intention, conceptualization, volition)

• त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - abandonment (abandonment, renunciation)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said (is said, is called, is declared)

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, that

Note: Predicate nominative for 'vastu'.

वस्तु (vastu) - object (object, thing, substance, reality)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vastu

vastu - object, thing, substance, reality, wealth

Root: vas (class 10)

Note: Subject of the quoted statement.

इति (iti) - (marks quotation) (thus, so, in this way, indicating a quotation)

(indeclinable)

संवेगम् (saṁvegam) - intense conviction (intense conviction, profound emotion, agitation, excitement)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvega

saṁvega - agitation, excitement, profound emotion, intense conviction, impulse

From sam-√vij (to tremble, to be agitated) + ghañ.

Prefix: sam

Root: vij (class 6)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they call)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of ah

perfect active indicative (used in present sense)

3rd person plural perfect active of √ah (defect. verb).

Root: ah (class 2)

कल्पनम् (kalpanam) - mental fabrication (mental fabrication, imagination, creation)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kalpanā

kalpanā - imagination, mental fabrication, assumption, creation, arrangement

From √kḷp (to be arranged, to be able) + yuṭ.

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āhuḥ'.

उत्तमाः (uttamāḥ) - the excellent ones (referring to knowledgeable persons) (excellent ones, best ones, highest)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, supreme, chief

Superlative form of ud (up) or from ut + √tam (to be exhausted).

Note: Adjective used substantively. Subject of 'āhuḥ'.

नभः (nabhaḥ) - void (sky, atmosphere, void, space)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nabhas

nabhas - sky, atmosphere, cloud, space, void

Note: Stem in compound.

अर्थ (artha) - object, meaning (meaning, object, purpose, wealth)

(noun)

masculine, singular of artha

artha - aim, purpose, meaning, object, thing, wealth

From √ṛ (to go) + than.

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Stem in compound.

भावनम् (bhāvanam) - contemplation, making like (conception, contemplation, imagining, making like)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhāvana

bhāvana - bringing into existence, manifesting, conceiving, imagining, cultivating, making something like (x)

From √bhū (to be, to become) in causal sense + lyuṭ.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nabhas+artha+bhāvana)

• nabhas – sky, atmosphere, cloud, space, void
  noun (neuter)
• artha – aim, purpose, meaning, object, thing, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  From √ṛ (to go) + than.
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• bhāvana – bringing into existence, manifesting, conceiving, imagining, cultivating, making something like (x)
  noun (neuter)
  From √bhū (to be, to become) in causal sense + lyuṭ.
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Third part of the compound 'nabho'rthabhāvanam'. Subject of 'ucyate'.

तस्य (tasya) - of that (conviction/kalpanā) (of that, his, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Pronominal stem 'tad'.

Note: Relates to the object being contemplated (conviction/kalpanā).

सङ्कल्प (saṅkalpa) - conceptualization (resolve, intention, conceptualization, volition)

(noun)

masculine, singular of saṅkalpa

saṅkalpa - resolve, intention, conceptualization, volition, mental resolve

From sam-√kḷp (to arrange, resolve) + ghañ.

Prefix: sam

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Stem in compound.

त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - abandonment (abandonment, renunciation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - abandonment, renunciation, giving up

From √tyaj (to abandon) + ghañ.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṅkalpa+tyāga)

• saṅkalpa – resolve, intention, conceptualization, volition, mental resolve
  noun (masculine)
  From sam-√kḷp (to arrange, resolve) + ghañ.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kḷp (class 1)
• tyāga – abandonment, renunciation, giving up
  noun (masculine)
  From √tyaj (to abandon) + ghañ.
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Second part of the compound 'saṅkalpatyāgaḥ'. Subject of 'ucyate'.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said (is said, is called, is declared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

present passive indicative

3rd person singular present passive of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)