योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-1, verse-1

श्रीराम उवाच ।
नैष्कर्म्यात्कल्पनात्यागात्तनुः पतति देहिनः ।
कथमेतदतो ब्रह्मन्संभवत्याशु जीवतः ॥ १ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
naiṣkarmyātkalpanātyāgāttanuḥ patati dehinaḥ ,
kathametadato brahmansaṃbhavatyāśu jīvataḥ 1

1. śrīrāma uvāca naiṣkarmyāt kalpanātyāgāt tanuḥ patati
dehinaḥ katham etat ataḥ brahman saṃbhavati āśu jīvataḥ

1. śrīrāma uvāca brahman naiṣkarmyāt kalpanātyāgāt dehinaḥ
tanuḥ patati ataḥ etat jīvataḥ āśu katham saṃbhavati

1. Shri Rama said: 'From the state of freedom from (karma) and the abandonment of mental constructs (kalpanā), the body of the embodied being perishes. Therefore, O (brahman), how is it possible for this to occur quickly while one is still alive?'

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Shri Rama

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• नैष्कर्म्यात् (naiṣkarmyāt) - from non-action, from freedom from action (karma)

• कल्पनात्यागात् (kalpanātyāgāt) - from the abandonment of mental constructs/imagination

• तनुः (tanuḥ) - body

• पतति (patati) - falls, perishes, drops

• देहिनः (dehinaḥ) - of the embodied one, of the soul

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner?

• एतत् (etat) - this (phenomenon of the body perishing quickly while alive) (this)

• अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, from this

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O sage (addressing Vasishtha or a similar figure) (O Brahman, O sage)

• संभवति (saṁbhavati) - is possible, arises, happens

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• जीवतः (jīvataḥ) - of the living one, while living

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Shri Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - Lord Rama, a revered epithet for Rama

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śrī+rāma)

• śrī – splendor, prosperity, revered
  adjective (feminine)
• rāma – Rama (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

नैष्कर्म्यात् (naiṣkarmyāt) - from non-action, from freedom from action (karma)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of naiṣkarmya

naiṣkarmya - state of actionlessness, freedom from karma

कल्पनात्यागात् (kalpanātyāgāt) - from the abandonment of mental constructs/imagination

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kalpanātyāga

kalpanātyāga - abandonment of imagination or mental constructs (kalpanā)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kalpanā+tyāga)

• kalpanā – imagination, mental construct, conception
  noun (feminine)
  Root: kḷp (class 10)
• tyāga – abandonment, renunciation, relinquishment
  noun (masculine)
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

तनुः (tanuḥ) - body

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tanu

tanu - body, person, form

पतति (patati) - falls, perishes, drops

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

देहिनः (dehinaḥ) - of the embodied one, of the soul

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dehin

dehin - embodied being, soul, living creature

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner?

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (phenomenon of the body perishing quickly while alive) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, from this

(indeclinable)

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O sage (addressing Vasishtha or a similar figure) (O Brahman, O sage)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin, sage, the Absolute

संभवति (saṁbhavati) - is possible, arises, happens

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially

जीवतः (jīvataḥ) - of the living one, while living

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive (present participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root jīv in present tense

Root: jīv (class 1)