योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-1, verse-4

पदार्थरसमेवाहुः कल्पनं कल्पनाविदः ।
नभोर्थभावनं तस्य संकल्पत्याग उच्यते ॥ ४ ॥

padārtharasamevāhuḥ kalpanaṃ kalpanāvidaḥ ,
nabhorthabhāvanaṃ tasya saṃkalpatyāga ucyate 4

4. padārtha rasam eva āhuḥ kalpanam kalpanā vidaḥ
nabhaḥ artha bhāvanam tasya saṅkalpa tyāgaḥ ucyate

4. kalpanā vidaḥ padārtha rasam eva kalpanam āhuḥ
tasya nabhaḥ artha bhāvanam saṅkalpa tyāgaḥ ucyate

4. Experts in mental fabrication (kalpanāvidaḥ) assert that the relish (rasa) for objects (padārtha) is indeed mental fabrication (kalpanā). The abandonment of conceptualization (saṅkalpa-tyāga) regarding that (relish/kalpanā) is said to be the contemplation of its object as the void.

Words meanings summery:

• पदार्थ (padārtha) - object, thing (object, thing, meaning of a word)

• रसम् (rasam) - relish, enjoyment (taste, relish, essence, juice, emotion, enjoyment)

• एव (eva) - indeed, itself (indeed, only, very)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they call)

• कल्पनम् (kalpanam) - mental fabrication (mental fabrication, imagination, creation)

• कल्पना (kalpanā) - mental fabrication (imagination, mental fabrication)

• विदः (vidaḥ) - experts (knowers, experts)

• नभः (nabhaḥ) - void (sky, atmosphere, void, space)

• अर्थ (artha) - object, meaning (meaning, object, purpose, wealth)

• भावनम् (bhāvanam) - contemplation, making like (conception, contemplation, imagining, making like)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (relish/kalpanā) (of that, his, its)

• सङ्कल्प (saṅkalpa) - conceptualization (resolve, intention, conceptualization, volition)

• त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - abandonment (abandonment, renunciation)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said (is said, is called, is declared)

Words meanings and morphology

पदार्थ (padārtha) - object, thing (object, thing, meaning of a word)

(noun)

masculine, singular of padārtha

padārtha - meaning of a word, thing, object, category

From pada (word) + artha (meaning/object).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pada+artha)

• pada – foot, step, word, state
  noun (neuter)
• artha – aim, purpose, meaning, object, thing, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  From √ṛ (to go) + than.
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: First part of the compound 'padārtharasam'.

रसम् (rasam) - relish, enjoyment (taste, relish, essence, juice, emotion, enjoyment)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - taste, relish, essence, juice, fluid, emotion, enjoyment

From √ras (to taste, to feel).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (padārtha+rasa)

• padārtha – meaning of a word, thing, object, category
  noun (masculine)
  From pada (word) + artha (meaning/object).
• rasa – taste, relish, essence, juice, fluid, emotion, enjoyment
  noun (masculine)
  From √ras (to taste, to feel).
  Root: ras (class 1)

Note: Second part of the compound 'padārtharasam'. Object of 'āhuḥ'.

एव (eva) - indeed, itself (indeed, only, very)

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they call)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of ah

perfect active indicative (used in present sense)

3rd person plural perfect active of √ah (defect. verb).

Root: ah (class 2)

कल्पनम् (kalpanam) - mental fabrication (mental fabrication, imagination, creation)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kalpanā

kalpanā - imagination, mental fabrication, assumption, creation, arrangement

From √kḷp (to be arranged, to be able) + yuṭ.

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āhuḥ'.

कल्पना (kalpanā) - mental fabrication (imagination, mental fabrication)

(noun)

feminine, singular of kalpanā

kalpanā - imagination, mental fabrication, assumption, creation, arrangement

From √kḷp (to be arranged, to be able) + yuṭ.

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Stem in compound 'kalpanāvidaḥ'.

विदः (vidaḥ) - experts (knowers, experts)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vid

vid - knowing, understanding, wise, knower

agent noun

From √vid (to know).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kalpanā+vid)

• kalpanā – imagination, mental fabrication, assumption, creation
  noun (feminine)
  From √kḷp (to be arranged, to be able) + yuṭ.
  Root: kḷp (class 1)
• vid – knowing, understanding, wise, knower
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From √vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'āhuḥ'.

नभः (nabhaḥ) - void (sky, atmosphere, void, space)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nabhas

nabhas - sky, atmosphere, cloud, space, void

Note: Stem in compound.

अर्थ (artha) - object, meaning (meaning, object, purpose, wealth)

(noun)

masculine, singular of artha

artha - aim, purpose, meaning, object, thing, wealth

From √ṛ (to go) + than.

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Stem in compound.

भावनम् (bhāvanam) - contemplation, making like (conception, contemplation, imagining, making like)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhāvana

bhāvana - bringing into existence, manifesting, conceiving, imagining, cultivating, making something like (x)

From √bhū (to be, to become) in causal sense + lyuṭ.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nabhas+artha+bhāvana)

• nabhas – sky, atmosphere, cloud, space, void
  noun (neuter)
• artha – aim, purpose, meaning, object, thing, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  From √ṛ (to go) + than.
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• bhāvana – bringing into existence, manifesting, conceiving, imagining, cultivating, making something like (x)
  noun (neuter)
  From √bhū (to be, to become) in causal sense + lyuṭ.
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Third part of the compound 'nabho'rthabhāvanam'. Subject of 'ucyate'.

तस्य (tasya) - of that (relish/kalpanā) (of that, his, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Pronominal stem 'tad'.

Note: Relates to the object being contemplated (relish/kalpanā).

सङ्कल्प (saṅkalpa) - conceptualization (resolve, intention, conceptualization, volition)

(noun)

masculine, singular of saṅkalpa

saṅkalpa - resolve, intention, conceptualization, volition, mental resolve

From sam-√kḷp (to arrange, resolve) + ghañ.

Prefix: sam

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Stem in compound.

त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - abandonment (abandonment, renunciation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - abandonment, renunciation, giving up

From √tyaj (to abandon) + ghañ.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṅkalpa+tyāga)

• saṅkalpa – resolve, intention, conceptualization, volition, mental resolve
  noun (masculine)
  From sam-√kḷp (to arrange, resolve) + ghañ.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kḷp (class 1)
• tyāga – abandonment, renunciation, giving up
  noun (masculine)
  From √tyaj (to abandon) + ghañ.
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Second part of the compound 'saṅkalpatyāgaḥ'. Subject of 'ucyate'.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said (is said, is called, is declared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

present passive indicative

3rd person singular present passive of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)