योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-42, verse-23

दुःखासारवती राम संसारप्रावृडातता ।
जाड्यं ददाति परमं विचारार्कमपश्यताम् ॥ २३ ॥

duḥkhāsāravatī rāma saṃsāraprāvṛḍātatā ,
jāḍyaṃ dadāti paramaṃ vicārārkamapaśyatām 23

23. duḥkhāsāravatī rāma saṃsāraprāvr̥t ātatā
jāḍyam dadāti paramam vicārārkam apaśyatām

23. rāma duḥkhāsāravatī ātatā saṃsāraprāvr̥t
vicārārkam apaśyatām paramam jāḍyam dadāti

23. O Rāma, the pervasive monsoon of worldly existence (saṃsāra), laden with torrents of suffering, bestows supreme inertia upon those who do not perceive the sun of discernment.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखासारवती (duḥkhāsāravatī) - full of torrents of suffering

• राम (rāma) - O Lord Rama (O Rama)

• संसारप्राव्र्̥त् (saṁsāraprāvr̥t) - the monsoon of worldly existence, the rainy season of transmigration

• आतता (ātatā) - extended, widespread, pervasive

• जाड्यम् (jāḍyam) - dullness, inertia, stupidity, coldness

• ददाति (dadāti) - gives, bestows

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, utmost

• विचारार्कम् (vicārārkam) - the sun of discernment, the sun of inquiry

• अपश्यताम् (apaśyatām) - of those not seeing, to those not perceiving

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखासारवती (duḥkhāsāravatī) - full of torrents of suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥkhāsāravat

duḥkhāsāravat - having torrents of suffering

Derived with suffix -vat from duḥkhāsāra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+āsāra+vat)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
• āsāra – torrent, downpour, flood
  noun (masculine)
• vat – possessing, characterized by (suffix)
  suffix
  Taddhita suffix -vat, forming possessive adjective

Note: Agrees with 'saṃsāraprāvr̥t'.

राम (rāma) - O Lord Rama (O Rama)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name), pleasing, black

संसारप्राव्र्̥त् (saṁsāraprāvr̥t) - the monsoon of worldly existence, the rainy season of transmigration

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃsāraprāvr̥t

saṁsāraprāvr̥t - the monsoon/rainy season of worldly existence

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃsāra+prāvr̥t)

• saṃsāra – worldly existence, transmigration, cycle of birth and death
  noun (masculine)
• prāvr̥t – rainy season, monsoon
  noun (feminine)

Note: The 't' transforms to 'ḍ' before a vowel in sandhi.

आतता (ātatā) - extended, widespread, pervasive

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ātata

ātata - extended, stretched, widespread, pervasive

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'tan' with upasarga 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'saṃsāraprāvr̥t'.

जाड्यम् (jāḍyam) - dullness, inertia, stupidity, coldness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jāḍya

jāḍya - dullness, inertia, coldness, stupidity, insensibility

Derived from 'jaḍa'

ददाति (dadāti) - gives, bestows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dā

present tense

Root 'dā' (3rd conjugation) in present tense, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, indicative mood

Root: dā (class 3)

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, utmost

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, ultimate, greatest

Note: Agrees with 'jāḍyam'.

विचारार्कम् (vicārārkam) - the sun of discernment, the sun of inquiry

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vicārārka

vicārārka - sun of discernment/inquiry

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vicāra+arka)

• vicāra – investigation, deliberation, discernment, inquiry
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  Derived from root 'car' with upasarga 'vi'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: car (class 1)
• arka – sun, ray, praise
  noun (masculine)

अपश्यताम् (apaśyatām) - of those not seeing, to those not perceiving

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of apaśyat

apaśyat - not seeing, not perceiving, unobservant

Present Active Participle (negative)

Present active participle of root 'dr̥ś' (pashya-gati) in negative (a-paśyat)

Prefix: a

Root: dr̥ś (class 1)

Note: Often used with dative or genitive for the recipient of an action. Here genitive plural, implying 'to those not seeing'.