योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-30, verse-22

दुद्रुवुर्दानवौघास्ते दिग्ज्वलन्मशका इव ।
उपाययुरदृश्यत्वं दीपा इव गतत्विषः ॥ २२ ॥

dudruvurdānavaughāste digjvalanmaśakā iva ,
upāyayuradṛśyatvaṃ dīpā iva gatatviṣaḥ 22

22. dudruvuḥ dānavaughāḥ te digjvalanmaśakāḥ iva
| upāyayuḥ adṛśyatvam dīpāḥ iva gatatviṣaḥ ||

22. te dānavaughāḥ digjvalanmaśakāḥ iva dudruvuḥ.
gatatviṣaḥ dīpāḥ iva adṛśyatvam upāyayuḥ.

22. Those hosts of Dānavas fled, like glowing insects (scattering) in all directions. They attained invisibility, just like lamps that have lost their radiance.

Words meanings summery:

• दुद्रुवुः (dudruvuḥ) - The Dānavas (demons) fled (they fled, ran away)

• दानवौघाः (dānavaughāḥ) - the vast numbers of Dānavas (demons) (hosts of Dānavas, throngs of demons)

• ते (te) - those (Dānavas) (those, they)

• दिग्ज्वलन्मशकाः (digjvalanmaśakāḥ) - insects glowing and scattering in all directions (glowing insects in all directions)

• इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

• उपाययुः (upāyayuḥ) - they (the Dānavas) attained (invisibility) (they attained, reached, approached)

• अदृश्यत्वम् (adṛśyatvam) - complete disappearance (invisibility, state of being unseen)

• दीपाः (dīpāḥ) - lamps (lamps, lights)

• इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

• गतत्विषः (gatatviṣaḥ) - having lost their radiance/light (having lost luster, devoid of brilliance)

Words meanings and morphology

दुद्रुवुः (dudruvuḥ) - The Dānavas (demons) fled (they fled, ran away)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (Lit) of √dru

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Reduplicated perfect form

Root: dru (class 1)

दानवौघाः (dānavaughāḥ) - the vast numbers of Dānavas (demons) (hosts of Dānavas, throngs of demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dānavaugha

dānavaugha - host/throng of Dānavas

Tatpurusha compound: Dānava (demon) + ogha (flood, multitude)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dānava+ogha)

• dānava – a demon, son of Danu
  noun (masculine)
  From Danu + a (taddhita suffix)
• ogha – flood, current, multitude, heap, mass
  noun (masculine)
  From root √vah (to carry, flow)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Subject of dudruvuḥ.

ते (te) - those (Dānavas) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Agrees with dānavaughāḥ.

दिग्ज्वलन्मशकाः (digjvalanmaśakāḥ) - insects glowing and scattering in all directions (glowing insects in all directions)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of digjvalanmaśaka

digjvalanmaśaka - glowing insects in all directions

Compound: dik (direction) + jvalant (glowing) + maśaka (insect). 'dik' here acts adverbially meaning 'in all directions'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (diś+jvalat+maśaka)

• diś – direction, quarter, region
  noun (feminine)
  Root: diś (class 6)
• jvalat – glowing, blazing, shining
  adjective (masculine/neuter/feminine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root √jval (to blaze, shine) + śatṛ suffix
  Root: jval (class 1)
• maśaka – mosquito, gnat, insect
  noun (masculine)

Note: Part of a simile.

इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison

उपाययुः (upāyayuḥ) - they (the Dānavas) attained (invisibility) (they attained, reached, approached)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (Lit) of √i

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

From root √i (to go) with upasargas upa- (near) and ā- (to, towards)

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: i (class 2)

अदृश्यत्वम् (adṛśyatvam) - complete disappearance (invisibility, state of being unseen)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adṛśyatva

adṛśyatva - invisibility, state of being unseen

From a- (not) + dṛśya (visible) + tva (abstract noun suffix)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+dṛśya+tva)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dṛśya – visible, to be seen, sight
  adjective (masculine/neuter/feminine)
  Gerundive
  From root √dṛś (to see) + ya (kṛt suffix)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• tva – -ness, -hood (abstract noun suffix)
  suffix (noun) (neuter)
  Taddhita suffix for abstract nouns.

Note: Object of upāyayuḥ.

दीपाः (dīpāḥ) - lamps (lamps, lights)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dīpa

dīpa - lamp, light, fire

From root √dīp (to shine)

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Subject of comparison.

इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison

गतत्विषः (gatatviṣaḥ) - having lost their radiance/light (having lost luster, devoid of brilliance)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gatatviṣ

gatatviṣ - having lost luster, devoid of brilliance

Bahuvrihi compound: gata (gone) + tviṣ (radiance, light)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gata+tviṣ)

• gata – gone, departed, reached, obtained
  adjective (masculine/neuter/feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• tviṣ – light, radiance, splendor, brilliance
  noun (feminine)
  From root √tviṣ (to shine)
  Root: tviṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dīpāḥ.

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