वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-90, verse-4

श्रुत्वा तु राघवो गार्ग्यं महर्षिं समुपागतम् ।
मातुलस्याश्वपतिनः प्रियं दूतमुपागतम् ॥४॥

4. śrutvā tu rāghavo gārgyaṃ maharṣiṃ samupāgatam ,
mātulasyāśvapatinaḥ priyaṃ dūtamupāgatam.

4. śrutvā tu rāghavaḥ gārgyam maharṣim samupāgatam
mātulasya aśvapatinaḥ priyam dūtam upāgatam

4. rāghavaḥ tu mātulasya aśvapatinaḥ priyam dūtam
upāgatam maharṣim samupāgatam gārgyam śrutvā

4. Indeed, upon hearing that Gārgya, the great sage (maharṣi) and dear messenger of his maternal uncle Aśvapati, had arrived,

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāghava (Rāma)

• गार्ग्यम् (gārgyam) - Gārgya

• महर्षिम् (maharṣim) - the great sage

• समुपागतम् (samupāgatam) - arrived, approached

• मातुलस्य (mātulasya) - of the maternal uncle

• अश्वपतिनः (aśvapatinaḥ) - of Aśvapati

• प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved

• दूतम् (dūtam) - messenger, envoy

• उपागतम् (upāgatam) - arrived, approached

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāghava (Rāma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, an epithet of Rāma

गार्ग्यम् (gārgyam) - Gārgya

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gārgya

gārgya - name of a sage, descendant of Garga

महर्षिम् (maharṣim) - the great sage

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, eminent seer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ṛṣi)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with Gārgya.

समुपागतम् (samupāgatam) - arrived, approached

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samupāgata

samupāgata - come near, approached, arrived

Past Passive Participle

From verb root gam with prefixes sam- and upa- and ā-.

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Gārgya.

मातुलस्य (mātulasya) - of the maternal uncle

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mātula

mātula - maternal uncle

अश्वपतिनः (aśvapatinaḥ) - of Aśvapati

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aśvapati

aśvapati - lord of horses, name of a king (Rāma's maternal grandfather)

Compound type : tatpurusha (aśva+pati)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: This form (aśvapatinaḥ) is a variant for the more common genitive singular aśvapateḥ for i-stem nouns like pati/aśvapati in epic Sanskrit.

प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, favorite

Note: Agrees with dūtam.

दूतम् (dūtam) - messenger, envoy

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dūta

dūta - messenger, envoy

Past Passive Participle (derived sense)

From root du 'to go, to move swiftly' + ta.

Root: du (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Gārgya.

उपागतम् (upāgatam) - arrived, approached

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upāgata

upāgata - come near, approached, arrived

Past Passive Participle

From verb root gam with prefixes upa- and ā-.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Gārgya (as dūtam).

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