वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-39, verse-8

एवमुक्त्वा च सुग्रीवं प्रशस्य च पुनः पुनः ।
विभीषणमथोवाच रामो मधुरया गिरा ॥८॥

8. evamuktvā ca sugrīvaṃ praśasya ca punaḥ punaḥ ,
vibhīṣaṇamathovāca rāmo madhurayā girā.

8. evam uktvā ca sugrīvam praśasya ca punaḥ punaḥ
vibhīṣaṇam atha uvāca rāmaḥ madhurayā girā

8. rāmaḥ evam sugrīvam uktvā ca punaḥ punaḥ
praśasya ca atha madhurayā girā vibhīṣaṇam uvāca

8. Having thus spoken to Sugriva and praised him repeatedly, Rama then addressed Vibhishana with sweet words.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• च (ca) - and, also

• सुग्रीवम् (sugrīvam) - Sugriva (proper noun, name of the monkey king)

• प्रशस्य (praśasya) - having praised, having extolled

• च (ca) - and, also

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• विभीषणम् (vibhīṣaṇam) - Vibhishana (proper noun)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (proper noun, name of the protagonist)

• मधुरया (madhurayā) - with sweet, with pleasant

• गिरा (girā) - with words, with speech, with voice

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Demonstrative adverb.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (indeclinable past participle)

Formed from root 'vac' with suffix '-ktvā'. Root 'vac' often changes to 'uk' in certain forms.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Functions adverbially.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'uktvā' and 'praśasya'.

सुग्रीवम् (sugrīvam) - Sugriva (proper noun, name of the monkey king)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (name of the monkey king in the Ramayana)

Meaning 'one with a beautiful neck'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+grīva)

• su – good, beautiful, well
  indeclinable
• grīva – neck
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'uktvā'.

प्रशस्य (praśasya) - having praised, having extolled

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (indeclinable past participle)

Formed from prefix 'pra-' + root 'śaṃs' (to praise) with suffix '-lyaP' (used when a prefix is present). 'śaṃs' changes to 'śas'.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this clause with the previous one.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

विभीषणम् (vibhīṣaṇam) - Vibhishana (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vibhīṣaṇa

vibhīṣaṇa - Vibhishana (name of a Rākṣasa, brother of Rāvaṇa)

Derived from root 'bhīṣ' (to frighten) with prefix 'vi-'. Meaning 'terrible, formidable' as adjective. Here, a proper name.

Prefix: vi

Root: bhīṣ (class 10)

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating sequence.

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

3rd person singular, Perfect active of root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (proper noun, name of the protagonist)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of the seventh avatar of Vishnu), pleasing, charming

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

मधुरया (madhurayā) - with sweet, with pleasant

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of madhura

madhura - sweet, delightful, charming, pleasant

Note: Agrees with 'girā'.

गिरा (girā) - with words, with speech, with voice

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gir

gir - speech, word, voice, song

Root 'gṛ' (to invoke, praise) or 'gīr' (song, speech).

Note: Used as an instrument for speaking.