वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-12, verse-4

कन्यासहायं तं दृष्ट्वा दशग्रीवो निशाचरः ।
अपृच्छत् को भवनेको निर्मनुष्य मृगे वने ॥४॥

4. kanyāsahāyaṃ taṃ dṛṣṭvā daśagrīvo niśācaraḥ ,
apṛcchat ko bhavaneko nirmanuṣya mṛge vane.

4. kanyāsahāyam tam dṛṣṭvā daśagrīvaḥ niśācaraḥ
apṛcchat kaḥ bhavān ekaḥ nirmanuṣye mṛge vane

4. kanyāsahāyam tam dṛṣṭvā daśagrīvaḥ niśācaraḥ
apṛcchat kaḥ bhavān ekaḥ nirmanuṣye mṛge vane

4. Having seen him accompanied by a maiden, Daśagrīva, the night-wanderer, asked, "Who are you, alone in this uninhabited forest teeming with wild animals?"

Words meanings summery:

• कन्यासहायम् (kanyāsahāyam) - accompanied by a maiden, having a maiden as companion

• तम् (tam) - Maya (him, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (Daśagrīva (proper name of Rāvaṇa, 'ten-necked'))

• निशाचरः (niśācaraḥ) - Rāvaṇa, the demon king (night-wanderer, demon)

• अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - asked, inquired

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (polite address), your honor

• एकः (ekaḥ) - alone, one

• निर्मनुष्ये (nirmanuṣye) - in the uninhabited forest (in the uninhabited, devoid of men)

• मृगे (mṛge) - in the wild forest teeming with animals (in the animal-filled, wild)

• वने (vane) - in the forest

Words meanings and morphology

कन्यासहायम् (kanyāsahāyam) - accompanied by a maiden, having a maiden as companion

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kanyāsahāya

kanyāsahāya - accompanied by a maiden

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kanyā+sahāya)

• kanyā – maiden, girl
  noun (feminine)
• sahāya – companion, helper
  noun (masculine)

तम् (tam) - Maya (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

formed from root dṛś + suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (Daśagrīva (proper name of Rāvaṇa, 'ten-necked'))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - Daśagrīva (epithet of Rāvaṇa, lit. 'ten-necked')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (daśa+grīva)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• grīva – neck
  noun (feminine)

निशाचरः (niśācaraḥ) - Rāvaṇa, the demon king (night-wanderer, demon)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, rākṣasa

Compound type : tatpurusha (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – wanderer, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: car (class 1)

अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - asked, inquired

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of prach

Root: prach (class 6)

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

भवान् (bhavān) - you (polite address), your honor

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you, your honor (respectful address)

Present Active Participle

root bhū + śatṛ suffix

Root: bhū (class 1)

एकः (ekaḥ) - alone, one

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, alone, single

निर्मनुष्ये (nirmanuṣye) - in the uninhabited forest (in the uninhabited, devoid of men)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nirmanuṣya

nirmanuṣya - devoid of men, uninhabited

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+manuṣya)

• nis – without, out of, devoid of (prefix)
  indeclinable
• manuṣya – man, human being
  noun (masculine)

मृगे (mṛge) - in the wild forest teeming with animals (in the animal-filled, wild)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of mṛga

mṛga - deer, wild animal, game; often used as adjective for forest meaning 'full of game/wild animals'

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove