वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-94, verse-3

तं दृष्ट्वा मेघसंकाशमापतन्तं रथं रिपोः ।
गिरेर्वज्राभिमृष्टस्य दीर्यतः सदृशस्वनम् ।
उवाच मातलिं रामः सहस्राक्षस्य सारथिम् ॥३॥

3. taṃ dṛṣṭvā meghasaṃkāśamāpatantaṃ rathaṃ ripoḥ ,
girervajrābhimṛṣṭasya dīryataḥ sadṛśasvanam ,
uvāca mātaliṃ rāmaḥ sahasrākṣasya sārathim.

3. tam dṛṣṭvā meghasaṃkāśam āpatantam
ratham ripoḥ gireḥ vajrābhimṛṣṭasya
dīryataḥ sadṛśaśvanam uvāca
mātaliṃ rāmaḥ sahasrākṣasya sārathim

3. rāmaḥ tam ripoḥ ratham dṛṣṭvā (ratham)
meghasaṃkāśam āpatantam (ratham)
vajrābhimṛṣṭasya gireḥ dīryataḥ sadṛśaśvanam
(ca) sahasrākṣasya sārathim mātaliṃ uvāca

3. Upon seeing that approaching chariot of the foe, which resembled a cloud and whose sound was like that of a mountain splitting apart when struck by a thunderbolt, Rama spoke to Matali, the charioteer of Indra (sahasrākṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (chariot) (that, him)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• मेघसंकाशम् (meghasaṁkāśam) - cloud-like, resembling a cloud

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, falling upon

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• रिपोः (ripoḥ) - of the enemy, from the enemy

• गिरेः (gireḥ) - of the mountain

• वज्राभिमृष्टस्य (vajrābhimṛṣṭasya) - of a mountain struck by a thunderbolt (of one struck by a thunderbolt)

• दीर्यतः (dīryataḥ) - of a mountain splitting apart (of one splitting apart, breaking asunder)

• सदृशश्वनम् (sadṛśaśvanam) - having a sound similar to a splitting mountain (referring to the chariot) (with a similar sound, having a similar sound)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, said

• मातलिं (mātaliṁ) - to Matali

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• सहस्राक्षस्य (sahasrākṣasya) - of the thousand-eyed one (Indra)

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (chariot) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'ratham' (chariot).

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Derived from √dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: √dṛś (class 1)

मेघसंकाशम् (meghasaṁkāśam) - cloud-like, resembling a cloud

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of meghasaṃkāśa

meghasaṁkāśa - cloud-like, resembling a cloud

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (megha+saṃkāśa)

• megha – cloud
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkāśa – resemblance, appearance, like
  adjective (masculine)
  From sam-kāś (to appear).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: √kāś (class 1)

Note: Agreeing with 'ratham'.

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, falling upon

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling, descending

Present Active Participle

Derived from √pat (to fall) with upasarga ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: √pat (class 1)

Note: Agreeing with 'ratham'.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

रिपोः (ripoḥ) - of the enemy, from the enemy

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ripu

ripu - enemy, foe

Note: Possessive, 'of the enemy'.

गिरेः (gireḥ) - of the mountain

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of giri

giri - mountain, hill

Note: Governs 'vajrābhimṛṣṭasya' and 'dīryataḥ'.

वज्राभिमृष्टस्य (vajrābhimṛṣṭasya) - of a mountain struck by a thunderbolt (of one struck by a thunderbolt)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vajrābhimṛṣṭa

vajrābhimṛṣṭa - struck/hit by a thunderbolt

Past Passive Participle

Formed from √mṛś (to touch) with upasarga abhi- (and vajra as instrument).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vajra+abhimṛṣṭa)

• vajra – thunderbolt
  noun (masculine)
• abhimṛṣṭa – struck, touched, pressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √mṛś (to touch) with upasarga abhi-.
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: √mṛś (class 6)

Note: Agreeing with 'gireḥ'.

दीर्यतः (dīryataḥ) - of a mountain splitting apart (of one splitting apart, breaking asunder)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dīryat

dīryat - splitting, breaking, tearing apart (intransitive)

Present Middle Participle

Derived from √dṝ (to split, tear) in passive/intransitive sense (dīryate is passive form).

Root: √dṝ (class 9)

Note: Agreeing with 'gireḥ'.

सदृशश्वनम् (sadṛśaśvanam) - having a sound similar to a splitting mountain (referring to the chariot) (with a similar sound, having a similar sound)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sadṛśaśvana

sadṛśaśvana - having a similar sound

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (sadṛśa+śvana)

• sadṛśa – similar, like, equal
  adjective (masculine)
• śvana – sound, noise
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agreeing with 'ratham'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Perfect Tense (Liṭ Lakāra)

Irregular perfect form from √vac.

Root: √vac (class 2)

मातलिं (mātaliṁ) - to Matali

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mātali

mātali - Matali (Indra's charioteer)

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper name, hero of Ramayana)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

सहस्राक्षस्य (sahasrākṣasya) - of the thousand-eyed one (Indra)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sahasrākṣa

sahasrākṣa - thousand-eyed (epithet for Indra)

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (sahasra+akṣi)

• sahasra – thousand
  numeral/noun (neuter)
• akṣi – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Possessive, 'of the thousand-eyed one'.

सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer

Note: In apposition to 'mātaliṃ'.