वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-94, verse-21

गृध्रैरनुगताश्चास्य वमन्त्यो ज्वलनं मुखैः ।
प्रणेदुर्मुखमीक्षन्त्यः संरब्धमशिवं शिवाः ॥२१॥

21. gṛdhrairanugatāścāsya vamantyo jvalanaṃ mukhaiḥ ,
praṇedurmukhamīkṣantyaḥ saṃrabdhamaśivaṃ śivāḥ.

21. gṛdhraiḥ anugatāḥ ca asya vamantyaḥ jvalanam mukhaiḥ
praṇeduḥ mukham īkṣantyaḥ saṃrabdham aśivam śivāḥ

21. ca gṛdhraiḥ anugatāḥ mukhaiḥ jvalanam vamantyaḥ asya
saṃrabdham aśivam mukham īkṣantyaḥ śivāḥ praṇeduḥ

21. And jackals (śivāḥ), followed by vultures, emitting flames from their mouths, howled, looking at his enraged, inauspicious face.

Words meanings summery:

• गृध्रैः (gṛdhraiḥ) - by vultures

• अनुगताः (anugatāḥ) - followed, accompanied by

• च (ca) - and

• अस्य (asya) - of Rāvaṇa (of him)

• वमन्त्यः (vamantyaḥ) - emitting flames (vomiting, emitting)

• ज्वलनम् (jvalanam) - flames (fire, flame)

• मुखैर् (mukhair) - with mouths

• प्रणेदुः (praṇeduḥ) - howled (they screamed, cried aloud, howled)

• मुखम् (mukham) - face

• ईक्षन्त्यः (īkṣantyaḥ) - looking at, beholding, seeing

• संरब्धम् (saṁrabdham) - enraged, furious, agitated

• अशिवम् (aśivam) - inauspicious, unlucky, evil

• शिवाः (śivāḥ) - jackals (auspicious ones; jackals (as an ill omen))

Words meanings and morphology

गृध्रैः (gṛdhraiḥ) - by vultures

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gṛdhra

gṛdhra - vulture

Note: Agent of 'anugatāḥ'.

अनुगताः (anugatāḥ) - followed, accompanied by

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of anugata

anugata - followed, accompanied by

Past Passive Participle

From anu-√gam (to follow, go after)

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'śivāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of Rāvaṇa (of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he/she/it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa.

वमन्त्यः (vamantyaḥ) - emitting flames (vomiting, emitting)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vamatī

vamatī - vomiting, emitting

Present Active Participle (feminine)

From √vam (to vomit, emit)

Root: vam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'śivāḥ'.

ज्वलनम् (jvalanam) - flames (fire, flame)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jvalana

jvalana - burning, flame, fire

From √jval (to burn, shine)

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vamantyaḥ'.

मुखैर् (mukhair) - with mouths

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of mukha

mukha - mouth, face

Note: Indicates the means of emitting.

प्रणेदुः (praṇeduḥ) - howled (they screamed, cried aloud, howled)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of praṇad

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

From pra-√nad (to roar, to sound loudly)

Prefix: pra

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

मुखम् (mukham) - face

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - face, mouth, front

Note: Object of 'īkṣantyaḥ'.

ईक्षन्त्यः (īkṣantyaḥ) - looking at, beholding, seeing

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of īkṣantī

īkṣantī - looking at, seeing, beholding

Present Active Participle (feminine)

From √īkṣ (to see, look)

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'śivāḥ'.

संरब्धम् (saṁrabdham) - enraged, furious, agitated

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saṃrabdha

saṁrabdha - enraged, furious, agitated

Past Passive Participle

From sam-√rabh (to seize, to begin, to be excited or enraged)

Prefix: sam

Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'mukham'.

अशिवम् (aśivam) - inauspicious, unlucky, evil

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśiva

aśiva - inauspicious, unlucky, evil

Negative prefix 'a' + śiva (auspicious)

Compound type : nan-tatpurusha (a+śiva)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• śiva – auspicious, propitious, Shiva
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'mukham'.

शिवाः (śivāḥ) - jackals (auspicious ones; jackals (as an ill omen))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śivā

śivā - an auspicious one; a female jackal (a euphemism, as jackals are typically considered inauspicious omens, especially when howling)

Note: Subject of 'praṇeduḥ'.