वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-94, verse-18

सनिर्घाता महोल्काश्च संप्रचेतुर्महास्वनाः ।
विषादयन्त्यो रक्षांसि रावणस्य तदाहिताः ॥१८॥

18. sanirghātā maholkāśca saṃpraceturmahāsvanāḥ ,
viṣādayantyo rakṣāṃsi rāvaṇasya tadāhitāḥ.

18. sanirghātāḥ maholkāḥ ca sampracetuḥ mahāsvanāḥ
viṣādayantyaḥ rakṣāṃsi rāvaṇasya tadā āhitāḥ

18. sanirghātāḥ ca mahāsvanāḥ maholkāḥ rāvaṇasya
rakṣāṃsi viṣādayantyaḥ tadā āhitāḥ sampracetuḥ

18. Great meteors, accompanied by thunder and immense roars, appeared, disheartening Rāvaṇa's demons (rakṣas), for they were directed at him then.

Words meanings summery:

• सनिर्घाताः (sanirghātāḥ) - accompanied by a crash, with thunder

• महोल्काः (maholkāḥ) - great meteors

• च (ca) - and

• सम्प्रचेतुः (sampracetuḥ) - appeared, manifested, became evident

• महास्वनाः (mahāsvanāḥ) - with great noise, loud-roaring

• विषादयन्त्यः (viṣādayantyaḥ) - causing sadness, disheartening

• रक्षांसि (rakṣāṁsi) - demons, rākṣasas

• रावणस्य (rāvaṇasya) - of Rāvaṇa

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• आहिताः (āhitāḥ) - directed at him (Rāvaṇa) (placed, directed, caused, produced)

Words meanings and morphology

सनिर्घाताः (sanirghātāḥ) - accompanied by a crash, with thunder

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sanirghāta

sanirghāta - accompanied by a crash or thunder, with a bang

Derived from sa (with) + nirghāta (crash, thunder)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+nirghāta)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• nirghāta – crash, thunder, impact
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: nis
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'maholkāḥ'.

महोल्काः (maholkāḥ) - great meteors

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of maholkā

maholkā - a great meteor, a large firebrand

Compound of mahā (great) + ulkā (meteor)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ulkā)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• ulkā – meteor, firebrand, torch
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of the verb 'sampracetuḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सम्प्रचेतुः (sampracetuḥ) - appeared, manifested, became evident

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past of sampracet

Past tense, 3rd person plural

Exact root and lakara for this specific form 'sampracetuḥ' are debated among grammarians; often interpreted as a past tense form meaning 'appeared' or 'became evident'.

Prefixes: sam+pra

महास्वनाः (mahāsvanāḥ) - with great noise, loud-roaring

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of mahāsvana

mahāsvana - having a great noise, loud-roaring

Compound of mahā (great) + svana (sound)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+svana)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• svana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  From √svan (to sound)
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'maholkāḥ'.

विषादयन्त्यः (viṣādayantyaḥ) - causing sadness, disheartening

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of viṣādayantī

viṣādayantī - causing despair, disheartening, saddening

Present Active Participle (feminine)

From the causative stem of vi-√sad (to sink down, to be sad)

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'maholkāḥ' (implied subject).

रक्षांसि (rakṣāṁsi) - demons, rākṣasas

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - a demon, a rākṣasa

From √rakṣ (to protect, guard); in epic literature, it commonly refers to a class of powerful, often malevolent, beings.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'viṣādayantyaḥ'.

रावणस्य (rāvaṇasya) - of Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (the king of Laṅkā, chief antagonist in the Rāmāyaṇa)

Derived from √ru (to roar); literally 'causing cries' or 'one who makes others roar/cry'.

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Relates to 'rakṣāṃsi' (Rāvaṇa's demons).

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem 'tad' (that) + affix '-dā' (indicating time).

आहिताः (āhitāḥ) - directed at him (Rāvaṇa) (placed, directed, caused, produced)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of āhita

āhita - placed, set, directed, caused, produced, deposited

Past Passive Participle

From ā-√dhā (to place, to direct, to apply)

Prefix: ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'maholkāḥ', implying they were directed (at Rāvaṇa).