वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-94, verse-1

तमापतन्तं सहसा स्वनवन्तं महाध्वजम् ।
रथं राक्षसराजस्य नरराजो ददर्श ह ॥१॥

1. tamāpatantaṃ sahasā svanavantaṃ mahādhvajam ,
rathaṃ rākṣasarājasya nararājo dadarśa ha.

1. tam āpatantam sahasā svanavantam mahādhvajam
ratham rākṣasarājasya nararājaḥ dadarśa ha

1. The king of men (Rāma) then saw that chariot of the king of rākṣasas, which was suddenly approaching, roaring, and bearing a great banner.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, falling upon

• सहस (sahasa) - suddenly, quickly, forcibly

• स्वनवतम् (svanavatam) - making a sound, roaring, noisy

• महाध्वजम् (mahādhvajam) - having a great banner

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• राक्षसराजस्य (rākṣasarājasya) - of the king of rākṣasas (demons)

• नरराजः (nararājaḥ) - the king of men (Rāma)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'ratham'

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, falling upon

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling down

Present Active Participle

formed from root pat (to fall) with ā- prefix

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ratham'

सहस (sahasa) - suddenly, quickly, forcibly

(indeclinable)

स्वनवतम् (svanavatam) - making a sound, roaring, noisy

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svanavat

svanavat - noisy, sounding, roaring, possessing sound

Formed with matup suffix (possessing)

Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ratham'

महाध्वजम् (mahādhvajam) - having a great banner

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahādhvaja

mahādhvaja - having a great banner/flag

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+dhvaja)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'ratham'

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, vehicle

राक्षसराजस्य (rākṣasarājasya) - of the king of rākṣasas (demons)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rākṣasarāja

rākṣasarāja - king of rākṣasas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+rāja)

• rākṣasa – rākṣasa, demon
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

नरराजः (nararājaḥ) - the king of men (Rāma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nararāja

nararāja - king of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+rāja)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Rāma

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizing particle