वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-94, verse-12

तदुपोढं महद् युद्धमन्योन्यवधकाङ्क्षिणोः ।
परस्पराभिमुखयोर्दृप्तयोरिव सिंहयोः ॥१२॥

12. tadupoḍhaṃ mahad yuddhamanyonyavadhakāṅkṣiṇoḥ ,
parasparābhimukhayordṛptayoriva siṃhayoḥ.

12. tat upoḍham mahat yuddham anyonyavadhakāṅkṣiṇoḥ
parasparābhimukhayoḥ dṛptayoḥ iva siṃhayoḥ

12. tat mahat upoḍham yuddham anyonyavadhakāṅkṣiṇoḥ
parasparābhimukhayoḥ dṛptayoḥ siṃhayoḥ iva

12. That great battle then commenced for the two who desired mutual destruction, like two proud lions facing each other.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that, this

• उपोढम् (upoḍham) - approached, commenced, ensued, developed

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, mighty

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

• अन्योन्यवधकाङ्क्षिणोः (anyonyavadhakāṅkṣiṇoḥ) - of the two desiring mutual destruction

• परस्पराभिमुखयोः (parasparābhimukhayoḥ) - of the two facing each other

• दृप्तयोः (dṛptayoḥ) - of the two proud, arrogant, furious

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• सिंहयोः (siṁhayoḥ) - of two lions

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that, this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Qualifies `yuddham`.

उपोढम् (upoḍham) - approached, commenced, ensued, developed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upoḍha

upoḍha - commenced, approached, brought near, developed

Past Passive Participle

From root `vah` (to carry) with prefix `upa-`. Irregular formation.

Prefix: upa

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Functions here as a verbal adjective describing the battle.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

From root `mah` (to be great).

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `yuddham`.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

From root `yudh` (to fight). Functions as a noun here.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Main subject.

अन्योन्यवधकाङ्क्षिणोः (anyonyavadhakāṅkṣiṇoḥ) - of the two desiring mutual destruction

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of anyonyavadhakāṅkṣin

anyonyavadhakāṅkṣin - desiring mutual killing/destruction

Compound noun in the genitive dual.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anyonya+vadha+kāṅkṣin)

• anyonya – mutual, one another
  pronoun (masculine)
• vadha – killing, slaughter
  noun (masculine)
  From root `vadh` (to strike, kill).
  Root: vadh (class 1)
• kāṅkṣin – desiring, wishing for
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root `kāṅkṣ` (to desire).
  Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to Rāma and Rāvaṇa.

परस्पराभिमुखयोः (parasparābhimukhayoḥ) - of the two facing each other

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of parasparābhimukha

parasparābhimukha - facing one another, mutually opposed

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (paraspara+abhimukha)

• paraspara – mutual, one another
  pronoun (masculine)
• abhimukha – facing, turned towards
  adjective (masculine)
  From `mukha` (face) with prefix `abhi-` (towards).
  Prefix: abhi

Note: Refers to Rāma and Rāvaṇa.

दृप्तयोः (dṛptayoḥ) - of the two proud, arrogant, furious

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of dṛpta

dṛpta - proud, arrogant, fierce, excited

Past Passive Participle

From root `dṛp` (to be proud, excited).

Root: dṛp (class 4)

Note: Refers to the lions.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

सिंहयोः (siṁhayoḥ) - of two lions

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of siṃha

siṁha - lion

Note: Refers to the comparison.