वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-94, verse-10

ततः क्रुद्धो दशग्रीवस्ताम्रविस्फारितेक्षणः ।
रथप्रतिमुखं रामं सायकैरवधूनयत् ॥१०॥

10. tataḥ kruddho daśagrīvastāmravisphāritekṣaṇaḥ ,
rathapratimukhaṃ rāmaṃ sāyakairavadhūnayat.

10. tataḥ kruddhaḥ daśagrīvaḥ tāmravisphāritekṣaṇaḥ
rathapratimukham rāmam sāyakaiḥ avadhūnayat

10. tataḥ daśagrīvaḥ kruddhaḥ tāmravisphāritekṣaṇaḥ
rathapratimukham rāmam sāyakaiḥ avadhūnayat

10. Then, the enraged Daśagrīva, with his eyes wide and copper-red, assailed Rāma, who was facing his chariot, with arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, afterwards

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry, furious

• दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa)

• ताम्रविस्फारितेक्षणः (tāmravisphāritekṣaṇaḥ) - with copper-red, wide-open eyes

• रथप्रतिमुखम् (rathapratimukham) - facing the chariot, opposite the chariot

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma

• सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows

• अवधूनयत् (avadhūnayat) - he assailed, he troubled, he shook

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, afterwards

(indeclinable)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry, furious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

From root `krudh` (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `daśagrīvaḥ`.

दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - ten-necked (an epithet of Rāvaṇa)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśa+grīva)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• grīva – neck
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

ताम्रविस्फारितेक्षणः (tāmravisphāritekṣaṇaḥ) - with copper-red, wide-open eyes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāmravisphāritekṣaṇa

tāmravisphāritekṣaṇa - one whose eyes are copper-red and wide-open

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tāmra+visphārita+īkṣaṇa)

• tāmra – copper-red, coppery
  adjective (neuter)
• visphārita – wide-opened, expanded
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `sphāy` with prefix `vi-`.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sphāy (class 1)
• īkṣaṇa – eye, seeing
  noun (neuter)
  From root `īkṣ`.
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `daśagrīvaḥ`.

रथप्रतिमुखम् (rathapratimukham) - facing the chariot, opposite the chariot

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rathapratimukha

rathapratimukha - facing the chariot, turned towards the chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+pratimukha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• pratimukha – facing, opposite, turned towards
  adjective (neuter)
  Prefix: prati

Note: Functions as an adverbial accusative describing Rāma's position.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of the hero of Rāmāyaṇa)

Note: Object of `avadhūnayat`.

सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow

From root `si` (to bind, cast) + `ka` suffix.

Root: si (class 5)

Note: Instrument of the action `avadhūnayat`.

अवधूनयत् (avadhūnayat) - he assailed, he troubled, he shook

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of avadhū

Imperfect Active, Causative

3rd person singular imperfect active of causative of root `dhū` (to shake) with prefix `ava-`.

Prefix: ava

Root: dhū (class 5)