वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-35, verse-26

बद्धौ तु वीरौ पतितौ शयानौ तौ वानराः संपरिवार्य तस्थुः ।
समागता वायुसुतप्रमुख्या विषदमार्ताः परमं च जग्मुः ॥२६॥

26. baddhau tu vīrau patitau śayānau tau vānarāḥ saṃparivārya tasthuḥ ,
samāgatā vāyusutapramukhyā viṣadamārtāḥ paramaṃ ca jagmuḥ.

26. baddhau tu vīrau patitau śayānau
tau vānarāḥ saṃparivārya tasthuḥ
samāgatāḥ vāyusutapramukhyāḥ
viṣadam ārtāḥ paramam ca jagmuḥ

26. The monkeys surrounded those two heroes who lay bound and fallen. Having gathered, led by the son of Vāyu (Hanumān), they became distressed by sorrow and reached the highest degree of despair.

Words meanings summery:

• बद्धौ (baddhau) - (the two heroes) bound (bound, tied, imprisoned)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• वीरौ (vīrau) - the two heroes (Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa) (two heroes, two brave men)

• पतितौ (patitau) - (the two heroes) fallen (fallen, collapsed (dual))

• शयानौ (śayānau) - (the two heroes) lying on the ground (lying down, sleeping (dual))

• तौ (tau) - those two (heroes) (those two)

• वानराः (vānarāḥ) - the Vanara warriors (monkeys)

• संपरिवार्य (saṁparivārya) - having surrounded completely

• तस्थुः (tasthuḥ) - they stood, they remained

• समागताः (samāgatāḥ) - (the monkeys) having gathered (having arrived, assembled)

• वायुसुतप्रमुख्याः (vāyusutapramukhyāḥ) - led by Hanumān (vāyusuta) (headed by the son of Vayu)

• विषदम् (viṣadam) - dejection, despair, sadness

• आर्ताः (ārtāḥ) - distressed by sorrow (distressed, afflicted, suffering)

• परमम् (paramam) - to the highest degree (modifying `viṣadam` or `jagmuḥ`) (supreme, highest, excellent)

• च (ca) - and

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they attained (a state of despair) (they went, they reached)

Words meanings and morphology

बद्धौ (baddhau) - (the two heroes) bound (bound, tied, imprisoned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of baddha

baddha - bound, tied, caught

past passive participle

From root √bandh (to bind).

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Agrees with `vīrau`.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

वीरौ (vīrau) - the two heroes (Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa) (two heroes, two brave men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, powerful

Note: Refers to Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa.

पतितौ (patitau) - (the two heroes) fallen (fallen, collapsed (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of patita

patita - fallen, descended, prostrate

past passive participle

From root √pat (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `vīrau`.

शयानौ (śayānau) - (the two heroes) lying on the ground (lying down, sleeping (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śayāna

śayāna - lying, resting, sleeping

present middle participle

From root √śī (to lie down).

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `vīrau`.

तौ (tau) - those two (heroes) (those two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `vīrau` (Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa), acting as object of `saṃparivārya`.

वानराः (vānarāḥ) - the Vanara warriors (monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, belonging to a forest

Derived from `vana` (forest).

Note: Subject of `tasthuḥ`.

संपरिवार्य (saṁparivārya) - having surrounded completely

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root √vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefixes sam- and pari-.

Prefixes: sam+pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

तस्थुः (tasthuḥ) - they stood, they remained

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of sthā

perfect active (liṭ)

From root √sthā (class 1).

Root: sthā (class 1)

समागताः (samāgatāḥ) - (the monkeys) having gathered (having arrived, assembled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samāgata

samāgata - assembled, arrived, come together

past passive participle

From root √gam (to go) with prefixes sam- and ā-.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `vānarāḥ` / `vāyusutapramukhyāḥ`.

वायुसुतप्रमुख्याः (vāyusutapramukhyāḥ) - led by Hanumān (vāyusuta) (headed by the son of Vayu)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāyusutapramukhya

vāyusutapramukhya - led by Vayu's son, having Vayu's son as chief

Bahuvrīhi compound: vāyusuta (son of Vayu) + pramukhya (chief, principal).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāyusuta+pramukhya)

• vāyusuta – son of Vayu, Hanumān
  proper noun (masculine)
  Tatpuruṣa compound: vāyu (wind god) + suta (son).
• pramukhya – chief, principal, leading
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'mukha' (face, front) with 'pra'.
  Prefix: pra

Note: Agrees with `vānarāḥ`.

विषदम् (viṣadam) - dejection, despair, sadness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣada

viṣada - dejection, despair, sadness, affliction

From root √sad (to sink) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Object of `jagmuḥ`.

आर्ताः (ārtāḥ) - distressed by sorrow (distressed, afflicted, suffering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, hurt, suffering

past passive participle

From root √ṛ (to go, move) with prefix ā- (to cause pain).

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `vānarāḥ` / `vāyusutapramukhyāḥ`.

परमम् (paramam) - to the highest degree (modifying `viṣadam` or `jagmuḥ`) (supreme, highest, excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, utmost, excellent

Superlative form of 'para'.

Note: Functions adverbially with `jagmuḥ` and `viṣadam`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they attained (a state of despair) (they went, they reached)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

perfect active (liṭ)

From root √gam (class 1).

Root: gam (class 1)

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